Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

“Thus, where there is a son and daughter of one sister together with a daughter of another sister, the latter receives her mother’s share, while the former two receive their mother’s share. If their degrees of relation to him differ, regard them as though he had died, and let them divide his inheritance. Thus, if he leaves behind three aunts on the mother’s side of differing types, and three aunts on the father’s side of differing types, ...

His statement, “Thus, where there is a son and daughter of one sister together with a daughter of another sister, the latter receives her mother’s share, while the former two receive their mother’s share”: suppose that a sister named Zaynab has a son and a daughter, together with a daughter of another sister named Fatimah. These three trace their connection through two full sisters, whose share is two-thirds. But should it be divided into three equal portions, or should we say that the son and daughter receive the share of their mother, Zaynab, while the daughter of the other sister receives her mother’s share? The latter is correct, because they trace their connection through a group. Thus, each person who traces his connection through an heir is given the inheritance of the heir through whom he traces it. The two sisters receive two-thirds: one third of it goes to the son and daughter of the sister who has a son and daughter, and one third goes to the daughter of the sister who has only one daughter. Does the male receive the share of two females? According to the madhhab, no; but the correct view is yes.

His statement, “If their degrees of relation to him differ”: this is the opposite of his statement, “and they are of equal degree in relation to him.”

His statement, “regard them as though he had died, and let them divide his inheritance”: an example of this is his statement, “Thus, if he leaves behind three aunts on the mother’s side of differing types and three aunts on the father’s side of differing types.” Three aunts on the mother’s side of differing types means: one is a full maternal aunt, the second is a maternal half-aunt, and the third is a paternal half-aunt. Likewise, there are three aunts on the father’s side of differing types: one full paternal aunt, one maternal half-aunt, and one paternal half-aunt. The maternal aunts trace their connection through the mother, and the paternal aunts trace their connection through the father. Suppose that the deceased died leaving a mother and a father,

فَابْنٌ وَبِنْتٌ لأُخْتٍ مَعَ بِنْتٍ لأُخْتٍ أُخْرَى، لِهَذِهِ حَقُّ أُمِّهَا وَلِلأُولَيَيْنِ حَقُّ أُمِّهِمَا، وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَتْ مَنَازِلُهُمْ مِنْهُ جَعَلْتَهُمْ مَعَهُ كَمَيَّتٍ اقْتَسَمُوا إِرْثَهُ، فَإِنْ خَلَّفَ ثَلاثَ خَالاتٍ مُتَفَرِّقَاتٍ، وثَلاثَ عَمَّاتٍ مُتَفَرِّقَاتٍ، .......... قوله: «فابن وبنت لأخت مع بنت لأخت أخرى، لهذه حق أمها وللأُولَيَيْنِ حق أمهما»، فابن وبنت أخت اسمها زينب، مع بنت لأخت أخرى اسمها فاطمة، هؤلاء الثلاثة أدلوا بأختين شقيقتين يكون لهم الثلثان، لكن هل نقسمه أثلاثاً، أو نقول: الابن والبنت لهما حق أمهما زينب، والبنت الأخرى للأخت الأخرى لها حق أمها؟ الثاني؛ لأن هؤلاء أدلوا بجماعة، فيعطى كل من أدلى بوارث ميراث من أدلى به، فللأختين الثلثان، فيكون ثلث الأخت التي لها ابن وبنت لابنها وبنتها، ويكون ثلث الأخت التي لها بنت واحدة لبنتها، وهل للذكر له مثل حظ الأنثيين؟ المذهب لا، والصحيح نعم. قوله: «وإن اختلفت منازلهم منه»، هذا ضد قوله: «واستوت منزلتهم». قوله: «جعلتهم معه كميت اقتسموا إرثه»، مثال ذلك: قوله: «فإن خلف ثلاث خالات متفرقات وثلاث عمات متفرقات»، ثلاث خالات متفرقات يعني خالة شقيقة، والثانية خالة من أم، والثالثة خالة من أب، وثلاث عمَّات متفرقات، واحدة شقيقة، واحدة لأم، واحدة لأب، الخالات مدليات بالأم، والعمَّات مدليات بالأب، قَدِّر كأن الميت مات عن أم وأب،

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