Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/280)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

“The father of the father’s mother, the father of the mother’s mother, and their brothers and sisters take their place. The share of every heir is assigned to the one through whom the connection is traced. If a group trace their connection through an heir and are of equal degree in relation to him, with none preceding the others—such as his children—then his share belongs to them, ...”

His statement, “The father of the father’s mother, the father of the mother’s mother, and their brothers and sisters take their place”: the father’s mother is an heir, because she is a grandmother with only one person between her and the deceased. Her father is not an heir, but he takes her place. As for the father of the mother’s mother, he is not an heir, because he is among the distant kindred; thus, he takes the place of the mother’s mother, for everyone who traces his or her connection through an heir takes that heir’s place.

His statement, “and their brothers and sisters”: they may be paternal uncles and aunts or maternal uncles and aunts, and they take their place, whether they are on the paternal side or the maternal side.

His statement, “The share of every heir is assigned to the one through whom the connection is traced”: whoever traces his connection through the father’s mother receives her share, one-sixth; and whoever traces his connection through the sister receives her share; and so on. The essential point is that once one reaches an heir, one receives the share of that heir through whom the connection is traced.

His statement, “If a group trace their connection through an heir and are of equal degree in relation to him, with none preceding the others—such as his children—then his share belongs to them”: the distant kindred may consist of one person tracing a connection through one person, a group tracing their connection through one person, or a group tracing their connection through a group. If a group trace their connection through an heir and are of equal degree in relation to him, with none preceding the others—such as his children—then his share belongs to them. An example is a maternal half-brother who has three sons. These are a group among the distant kindred who trace their connection through the maternal half-brother, so his share belongs to them.

His statement, “with none preceding the others”: this implies that if one of them is closer to him, the other receives nothing, because he is more remote. Thus, where there are sons of a maternal half-brother and sons of the sons of a maternal half-brother, the latter do not inherit, because the author, may Allah have mercy on him, stipulated that they must be of equal degree in relation to him, with none preceding the others.

وَأَبُو أُمِّ أَبٍ، وَأَبُو أُمِّ أُمٍّ، وَأَخَوَاهُمَا، وَأُخْتَاهُمَا بِمَنْزِلَتِهِم، فَيُجْعَلُ حَقُّ كُلِّ وَارِثٍ لِمَنْ أَدْلَى بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَدَلَى جَمَاعَةٌ بِوَارِثٍ وَاسْتَوتَ مَنْزِلَتُهُمْ مِنْهُ بِلا سَبْقٍ، كَأَوْلادِهِ، فَنَصِيبُهُ لَهُمْ، .... قوله: «وأبو أم أب، وأبو أم أم، وأخواهما، وأختاهما بمنزلتهم»، أم الأب وارثة؛ لأنها جدة ليس بينها وبين الميت إلا واحد، أبوها غير وارث لكنه بمنزلتها، وأبو الأم فهو غير وارث؛ لأنه من ذوي الأرحام فيكون بمنزلة أم الأم؛ لأن كل من أدلى بوارث فهو بمنزلته. وقوله: «وأخواهما وأختاهما» إما أعمام أو أخوال، يكونون بمنزلتهم، سواء من قبل الأب أو من قبل الأم. قوله: «فيجعل حق كل وارث لمن أدلى به»، فمن أدلى بأم الأب فله نصيبها السدس، ومن أدلى بالأخت فله نصيبها، وهلم جرًّا، المهم أول ما يصل إلى الوارث فله نصيب ذلك الوارث الذي وصل إليه. قوله: «فإن أدلى جماعة بوارث واستوت منزلتهم منه بلا سبق، كأولاده، فنصيبه لهم»، ذوو الأرحام إما أن يدلي واحد بواحد، أو جماعة بواحد، أو جماعة بجماعة، فإن أدلى جماعة بوارث واستوت منزلتهم منه بلا سبق، كأولاده فنصيبه لهم، مثاله: أخ من أم له ثلاثة أبناء، هؤلاء جماعة من ذوي الأرحام أدلوا بالأخ من الأم، فلهم نصيبه. وقوله: «بلا سبق» مفهومه إن كان أحدهم أسبق إليه فلا شيء للآخر؛ لأنه أنزل، فأبناء أخ من أم، وأبناء أبناء أخ من أم، الأخيرون لا يرثون؛ لأن المؤلف ﵀ اشترط أن تستوي منزلتهم منه بلا سبق.