Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/268)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

If the heirs of each deceased person inherit no one but that person—for example, brothers who have sons—then resolve the first case and divide each deceased person’s share according to his own inheritance case, correcting any fractional distribution as explained previously. If they do not inherit from the second deceased in the same way as from the first, resolve the first case and divide the second deceased’s shares among his heirs. If they divide evenly, the case is resolved on its original basis.

His statement, “If the heirs of each deceased person inherit no one but that person—for example, brothers who have sons—then resolve the first case and divide each deceased person’s share according to his own inheritance case, correcting any fractional distribution as explained previously”: this applies when they die one after another before the first estate has been divided, and the heirs of each deceased inherit no one but him—that is, each one has heirs of his own, independent of the others. Resolve the first case, then resolve the case of the second deceased, and then divide his share from the first case according to his own case. If it divides evenly, both cases are resolved from a single number. If it does not divide evenly, then either the numbers have no common factor or they share a common factor. In other words, treat the second case as you would heirs whose shares have resulted in a fractional distribution.

An example is a deceased person who leaves three sons. The case is based on three: having resolved it, each receives one share. But one of them dies before the estate is divided, leaving four sons. The first case is based on three. Each was assigned his share, and the deceased son’s share was one. His own case is based on four. Dividing one by four does not work evenly, and the numbers have no common factor. Therefore, multiply his case, four, by the first case, three, producing twelve. The second case is then treated as though it were heirs whose shares have resulted in a fractional distribution. Whoever has a share in the first case receives it multiplied by the second case: each of the two remaining heirs receives one multiplied by four, which is four. Whoever has a share in the second case receives it multiplied by his predecessor’s share in the first case. The four remaining heirs each receive one share; multiply one by their predecessor’s share, which equals one. Proceed likewise in the same manner.

وَإِنْ كَانَ وَرَثَةُ كُلِّ مَيِّتٍ لَا يَرِثُونَ غَيْرَهُ، كَإِخْوَةٍ لَهُمْ بَنُونَ، فَصَحِّحِ الأُولَى وَاقْسِمْ سَهْمَ كَلِّ مَيِّتٍ عَلَى مَسْأَلَتِهِ، وَصَحِّحِ المُنْكَسِرَ كَمَا سَبَقَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَرِثُوا الثَّانِيَ كَالأَوَّلِ صَحَّحْتَ الأُولَى، وَقَسَمْتَ أَسْهُمَ الثَّانِي عَلَى وَرَثَتِهِ، فَإِنِ انْقَسَمَتْ صَحَّتْ مِنْ أَصْلِهَا، قوله: «وإن كان ورثة كل ميت لا يرثون غيره، كإخوة لهم بنون، فصحح الأولى واقسم سهم كل ميت على مسألته، وصحح المنكسر كما سبق»، إذا ماتوا واحداً بعد واحد ولم تقسم تركة الأول، وورثة كل ميت لا يرثون غيره، يعني كل واحد مستقل بورثته، فصحح الأولى ثم صحح مسألة الميت الثاني، ثم اقسم نصيبه من المسألة الأولى على مسألته، فإن انقسم صحَّت المسألتان من عدد واحد، وإن لم ينقسم فإما أن يباين وإما أن يوافق، يعني اجعل المسألة الثانية كورثة انكسر سهامهم عليهم، مثال ذلك: هلك هالك عن ثلاثة أبناء، المسألة من ثلاثة، صحَّحناها كل واحد أخذ واحداً، لكن أحدهم مات قبل القسمة عن أربعة أبناء، فالمسألة الأولى من ثلاثة، أعطينا كل واحد نصيبه فكان نصيب الميت واحداً، ومسألته من أربعة، اقسم واحداً على أربعة لا ينقسم ويباين، اضرب مسألته أربعة في المسألة الأولى ثلاثة تبلغ اثني عشر، صارت مسألة الثاني كأنها رؤوس ورثة انكسرت عليها سهامهم، من له من المسألة الأولى شيء أخذه مضروباً في المسألة الثانية، فللوارث الباقي، الأول واحد في أربعة بأربعة، والثاني واحد في أربعة بأربعة، ومن له شيء من الثانية أخذه مضروباً في سهام مورثه من الأولى، الباقون أربعة كل واحد له واحد، اضرب واحداً في نصيب مورثه يساوي واحداً، وكذلك فافعل.