Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/247)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

Chapter

The son, the son’s son, and the full brother or paternal half-brother inherit together with their sisters, receiving twice their share. As for every other residuary heir, his sister inherits nothing alongside him. If two paternal cousins are present, one of whom is a maternal half-brother or a husband, he receives his prescribed share, and the remainder belongs to them both. …

His statement, “The son, the son’s son, and the full brother or paternal half-brother inherit together with their sisters, receiving twice their share”: these are the residuary heirs by virtue of another. Thus, the son and his sister inherit together, as do the son’s son and his sister, the full brother and his full sister, and the paternal half-brother and his paternal half-sister, “receiving twice their share,” meaning that the male receives the share of two females. These are four cases in which their sisters become residuary heirs by virtue of another. The evidence for this is the saying of Allah, Exalted is He:

“Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females.” [al-Nisaʾ: 11]

And He says regarding siblings:

“And if there are brothers and sisters, males and females, then the male shall receive the share of two females.” [al-Nisaʾ: 176]

His statement, “As for every other residuary heir, his sister inherits nothing alongside him”: this is a useful principle. The sister of every residuary heir other than these four inherits nothing alongside him. Thus, if a nephew and a niece are present, the niece inherits nothing; likewise, with an uncle and a paternal aunt, the paternal aunt does not inherit. This is because the author has given us a principle: the sister of every residuary heir other than these four inherits nothing alongside him.

His statement, “If two paternal cousins are present, one of whom is a maternal half-brother or a husband, he receives his prescribed share, and the remainder belongs to them both”: these are two paternal cousins, one of whom is the husband of the deceased woman—for example, a woman dies leaving behind her husband, who is her paternal cousin, and his brother, who is also her paternal cousin. The husband receives his prescribed share, and the remainder belongs to them both. Thus, after adjustment, the estate is divided into four shares: the husband receives three shares, and the other paternal cousin receives one, because the first inherited one half as the husband by prescribed share, while what remained belongs to him and his brother.

فَصْلٌ يَرِثُ الابْنُ وَابْنُهُ، وَالأَخُ لأَبَوَيْنِ أوْ لأَِبٍ مَعَ أُخْتِهِ مِثْلَيْهَا، وَكُلُّ عَصَبَةٍ غَيْرُهُمْ لَا تَرِثُ أُخْتُهُ مَعَهُ شَيْئَاً، وابْنَا عَمٍّ أَحَدُهُمَا أَخٌ لأُِمٍّ أَوْ زَوْجٌ لَهُ فَرْضُهُ والبَاقِي لَهُمَا، ...... قوله: «يرث الابن وابنه والأخ لأبوين أو لأب مع أخته مثليها» هؤلاء العصبة بالغير، فيرث الابن وابنه مع أخته، والأخ لأبوين والأخ لأب مع أخته «مثليها» يعني للذكر مثل حظ الأنثيين، ابن مع بنت، ابن ابن مع بنت ابن، أخ شقيق مع أخت شقيقة، أخ لأب مع أخت لأب، هؤلاء أربعة تكون أخواتهم عصبة بالغير، ودليل ذلك قول الله ﵎: ﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ﴾ [النساء: ١١]، وقال في الإخوة: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجَالاً وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ﴾ [النساء: ١٧٦]. قوله: «وكل عصبة غيرهم لا ترث أختُه معه شيئاً» هذا ضابط مفيد، جميع العصبة غَيْرُ هؤلاء الأربعةِ لا ترث أختهم معهم شيئاً، فابن الأخ مع بنت الأخ، بنت الأخ لا ترث شيئاً، والعم والعمة، العمة لا ترث؛ لأن المؤلف أعطانا ضابطاً: كل عصبة سوى هؤلاء الأربعة لا ترث أخته معه شيئاً. قوله: «وابنا عم أحدهما أخ لأم أو زوج له فرضه والباقي لهما» هذان ابنا عم أحدهما زوج للميتة، كامرأة ماتت عن زوجها الذي هو ابن عمها، وعن أخيه الذي هو ابن عمها، فللزوج فرضه والباقي لهما، فالمسألة من أربعة تصحيحاً الزوج له ثلاثة وابن العم الثاني واحد؛ لأن الأول ورث النصف بالزوجية فرضاً، وما بقي فهو له ولأخيه.