Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/244)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

on the weak view that brothers inherit alongside the grandfather. According to the stronger view, however, there is no need for this qualification; rather, we simply say: “Then the father, then the grandfather.”

Then the two brothers, then their sons, however far removed; then the full paternal uncle, then the paternal half-uncle, then their sons likewise; then the father’s full paternal uncles, then his paternal half-uncles, then their sons likewise; then the grandfather’s paternal uncles, then their sons likewise. The descendants of a more remote father do not inherit alongside the descendants of a nearer father, even if the latter are more remotely descended.

His statement, “Then the two brothers,” refers to the full brother and the paternal half-brother. That is, after the grandfather come the two brothers: the full brother and the paternal half-brother.

His statement, “then their sons,” means the sons of the full brother and of the paternal half-brother.

His statement, “however far removed,” means to whatever degree of descent.

His statement, “then the full paternal uncle, then the paternal half-uncle”: a maternal uncle does not inherit.

His statement, “then their sons likewise,” means the full paternal uncle and the paternal half-uncle, followed by their sons, however far removed.

His statement, “then the father’s full paternal uncles, then his paternal half-uncles, then their sons likewise; then the grandfather’s paternal uncles, then their sons likewise”: the grandfather’s paternal uncles are lower in rank than the father’s paternal uncles. Thus, the author, may Allah have mercy on him, gives us the following useful principle: “The descendants of a more remote father do not inherit alongside the descendants of a nearer father, even if the latter are more remotely descended.”

Accordingly, the descendants of paternal uncles do not inherit alongside the descendants of brothers; the descendants of the father’s paternal uncles do not inherit alongside the descendants of the deceased’s paternal uncles; and the descendants of the paternal uncles of the paternal grandfather do not inherit alongside the descendants of the father’s paternal uncles—and so on. This is because the one closer to the deceased is the one through whom the connection is first established. The deceased is connected to the father’s paternal uncles before he is connected to the grandfather’s paternal uncles; thus, the former are closer in rank.

على القول الضعيف أن الإخوة يرثون مع الجد، أما على القول الراجح فلا حاجة لهذا القيد، بل نقول: «ثم الأب ثم الجد». ثُمَّ هُمَا، ثُمَّ بَنُوهُمَا أَبَدَاً، ثُمَّ عَمٌّ لأَبَوَيْنِ، ثُمَّ عَمٌّ لأَبٍ ثم بَنُوهُمَا كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَعْمَامُ أَبِيهِ لأََبَوَيْنِ، ثُمَّ لأَبٍ، ثُمَّ بَنُوهُم كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَعْمَامُ جَدِّهِ، ثُمَّ بَنُوهُمْ كَذَلِكَ، لَا يَرِثُ بَنُو أَبٍ أَعْلَى مَعَ بَنِي أَبٍ أَقْرَبَ وَإِنْ نَزَلُوا، .............. قوله: «ثم هما» الضمير يعود على الأخ لأبوين والأخ لأب، يعني من بعد الجد الأخوان، الأخ الشقيق والأخ لأب. قوله: «ثم بنوهما» بنو الأخ الشقيق، والأخ لأب. قوله: «أبداً» يعني إلى أنزل شيء. قوله: «ثم عم لأبوين، ثم عم لأب»، وعم لأم لا يرث. قوله: «ثم بنوهما كذلك»، يعني العم لأبوين والعم لأب ثم بنوهما وإن نزلوا. قوله: «ثم أعمام أبيه، لأبوين، ثم لأب، ثم بنوهم كذلك، ثم أعمام جده، ثم بنوهم كذلك» أعمام الجد أدنى رتبة من أعمام الأب فأعطانا قاعدة ﵀ قال: «لا يرث بنو أب أعلى مع بني أب أقرب وإن نزلوا»، هذه قاعدة مفيدة، فبنو الأعمام لا يرثون مع بني الإخوة، بنو أعمام الأب لا يرثون مع بني أعمام الميت، بنو أعمام أب الأب لا يرثون مع بني أعمام الأب، وهلم جرّا؛ لأن الأقرب للميت هو الذي يتصل به أولاً، وأعمام الأب يتصل بهم الميت قبل أن يتصل بأعمام الجد، وعلى هذا فيكونون أقرب منزلة.