Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

and drinking, its nourishment would need to be expelled. This is what the jurists have stated. (1)

Menstruation is natural blood; it is not incidental or accidental blood. Rather, it is part of women’s natural constitution, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Aisha: “This is a matter that Allah has decreed for the daughters of Adam.” (2) That is, He decreed it as part of His divine decree. In contrast, istiḥāḍa (non-menstrual bleeding) is incidental and accidental blood, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said regarding istiḥāḍa: “It is blood from a vein.” (3) When a person knows that something has been decreed for himself and for others, it becomes easier for him to bear.

There are four types of bleeding that may affect a woman: menstruation, postnatal bleeding, istiḥāḍa (non-menstrual bleeding), and irregular bleeding. Each has its own definition and rulings, as will follow, if Allah wills.

Menstruation, then, is natural blood, as mentioned above. But does it have a lower and upper age limit, and likewise a limit concerning its duration in days?

The well-known position among the jurists is that it does have a limit. The correct view, however, is that it has no limit.

There Is No Menstruation Before Nine Years of Age, …

His statement, “There is no menstruation before nine years of age,” means that there is no legally recognized menstruation before

(1) Medical specialists state that a woman's body prepares for pregnancy each month: the lining of the uterine wall thickens and becomes engorged with blood in preparation to receive the fertilized ovum, which implants there. If fertilization and pregnancy do not occur, the blood-engorged lining contracts and sheds, then exits through the vagina. This is what is known as menstruation. See: Mamun al-Shaqfa, Al-Qarar al-Makin, pp. 41-48. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of Menstruation, chapter: “The instruction to the woman in postpartum bleeding when she gives birth,” no. 294; and Muslim, Book of Hajj, chapter: “The ihram of a woman in postpartum bleeding,” no. 1211, on the authority of Aisha. (3) Its source documentation has preceded, p. 442.
لاحتاج غذاؤه إلى الخروج. هكذا قال الفقهاء (١) ﵏. والحيض دم طبيعة، ليس دماً طارئاً أو عارضاً، بل هو من طبيعة النساء لقول النبي ﷺ لعائشة ﵂: «إِنَّ هذا أَمْرٌ كتبه اللَّهُ على بنات آدم» (٢) أي كتبه قَدَراً، بخلاف الاستحاضة فهي دم طارئ عارض كما قال النبيُّ ﷺ في الاستحاضة: «إِنها دَمُ عِرْق» (٣). فإِذا عرف الإِنسان أنه مكتوب عليه وعلى غيره، فإِنَّه يهون عليه. والدِّماء التي تصيب المرأة أربعةٌ: الحيضُ، والنِّفاس، والاستحاضةُ، ودَمُ الفساد، ولكلٍّ منها تعريفٌ وأحكامٌ كما سيأتي إِن شاء الله تعالى. فالحيض دمُ طبيعةٍ كما سبق، وهل له حدٌّ في السِّنِّ، ابتداءً وانتهاءً، وكذا في الأيام؟. المعروف عند الفقهاء أنَّ له حدًّا. والصَّحيح: أنَّه ليس له حدٌّ. لَا حَيْضَ قَبْلَ تسعِ سِنين، ............ قوله: «لا حَيضَ قبل تسع سنين»، أي: لا حيض شرعاً قبل
(١) وقال أهل الطب: يستعدُّ جسمُ المرأة كلَّ شهر للحمل، فتتضخَّمُ بطانةُ جدار الرَّحم وتحتقنُ بالدَّم؛ استعداداً لتلقِّي البويضة الملقَّحة كي تُعشعش فيها، فإِذا لم يحدث التلقيح والحمل انكمشت البطانةُ المحتقنة بالدَّم وانسلخت، ثم تتساقط من الفرج. فيحدث ما يُعرف بالحيض. انظر: «القرار المكين» للدكتور: مأمون الشقفة ص (٤١ ـ ٤٨). (٢) رواه البخاري، كتاب الحيض: باب الأمر بالنُّفساء إِذا نُفِسْنَ، رقم (٢٩٤)، ومسلم، كتاب الحج، باب إحرام النفساء، رقم (١٢١١) من حديث عائشة. (٣) تقدم تخريجه، ص (٤٤٢).

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