a wife, mother, and father. If someone asks: What is the evidence that the mother inherits in this manner?

The answer is the saying of Allah, exalted is He:

“For each of his parents is one-sixth of what he leaves, if he has a child. But if he has no child and his parents inherit from him, then his mother receives one-third. But if he has siblings, then his mother receives one-sixth.” [al-Nisaʾ 4:11]

Allah, exalted is He, has thus made clear that each parent receives one-sixth when there is a child, and that the mother receives one-sixth when there are siblings. If someone asks: What is your evidence for one-third of the remainder? Is one-third of the remainder mentioned in the Quran?

The answer is: No. However, our evidence is textual proof and analogy. The textual proof is the ruling of the Commander of the Believers, Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) (1). Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) has an authoritative sunnah to be followed, for the Prophet ﷺ said: “You must adhere to my sunnah and the sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs” (2). He also said: “If there are among you those who are inspired, then Umar is one of them” (3). Since the Messenger ﷺ referred us to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), whatever he rules is established by textual proof—but not