Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/210)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

Chapter

A paternal grandfather, no matter how remote, is like one of the full or paternal brothers when there are such brothers, …

The author has devoted this chapter to the inheritance of the grandfather together with siblings. You should know that the sound view is that siblings do not inherit alongside the grandfather. Accordingly, there is no need for this entire chapter that the author has mentioned. This view—that siblings do not inherit alongside the grandfather—is what is indicated by the apparent meaning of the evidence. It is also reported from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, and thirteen of the Companions (1). There is no doubt that their view carries authoritative weight, especially since it accords with the evidence.

Allah, Exalted is He, called the grandfather a father. Allah Almighty says, addressing this nation: “The religion of your father, Abraham.” [Quran 22:78] And He says: “And I have followed the religion of my fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” [Quran 12:38] This was said by Joseph: Jacob was his father, Isaac his grandfather, and Abraham his great-grandfather—may peace and blessings be upon them all.

Furthermore, where is the evidence from the Quran or the sunnah for these detailed distinctions concerning the inheritance of the grandmother and the siblings? These are matters of detailed classification and variation, and therefore require evidence. Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, says: “And He has explained to you in detail what He has forbidden you.”

(1) Al-Bukhari recorded, in a muallaq (suspended) report stated decisively, in the Book of Inheritance, “Chapter: The Inheritance of the Grandfather along with the Father and Brothers,” from Abu Bakr, Ibn Abbas, and Ibn al-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased with them, that they said: “The grandfather is a father.” Al-Darimi recorded Abu Bakr’s report with a connected chain in his Sunan, Book of Inheritance, “Chapter: Abu Bakr’s Statement concerning the Grandfather” (2903). Al-Hafiz said in Fath al-Bari: “Its chain is authentic” (12/20). Al-Bukhari also recorded it from him with a connected chain in the same place (6738). Al-Bukhari said under the preceding chapter: “It was not reported that anyone disagreed with Abu Bakr during his lifetime, while the Companions of the Prophet were numerous.” Al-Hafiz said in Fath al-Bari (12/21, al-Rayyan ed.): “Among those explicitly reported to have held that the paternal grandfather inherits what the father would inherit when the father is absent are Muadh, Abu al-Darda, Abu Musa, Ubayy ibn Kab, Aishah, and Abu Hurayrah …”

فَصْلٌ وَالجَدُّ لأَبٍ وَإِنْ عَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ أبوين أَوْ أَبٍ كَأَخٍ مِنْهُمْ، ........... هذا الفصل عقده المؤلف لميراث الجد مع الإخوة، واعلم أن القول الصحيح أن الإخوة لا يرثون مع الجدّ، وحينئذٍ كل هذا الفصل الذي ذكره المؤلف لا حاجة إليه، وهذا القول ـ أعني أن الإخوة لا يرثون مع الجد ـ هو ظاهر الأدلة، وهو ـ أيضاً ـ مروي عن أبي بكر الصديق ﵁ وثلاثة عشر من الصحابة (١)، وهؤلاء لا شك أن قولهم حجة لا سيما أنه موافق للأدلة، فالله ـ تعالى ـ سمَّى الجد أباً، قال الله تعالى يخاطب هذه الأمة: ﴿مِلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ﴾ [الحج: ٧٨]، وقال تعالى: ﴿وَاتَّبَعْتُ مِلَّةَ آبَائِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ﴾ [يوسف: ٣٨]، يقول هذا يوسف، ويعقوب أبوه، وإسحاق جده، وإبراهيم جد أبيه ـ عليهم الصلاة والسلام ـ. ثم أين الدليل من الكتاب أو السنة على هذه التفاصيل في ميراث الجدة والإخوة؟! لأنها مسائل تفصيل وتنويع فتحتاج إلى دليل، والله ﷿ يقول: ﴿وَقَدْ فَصَّلَ لَكُمْ مَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾

(١) أخرج البخاري في صحيحه معلقاً بصيغة الجزم في الفرائض/ باب ميراث الجد مع الأب والإخوة عن أبي بكر وابن عباس وابن الزبير ﵃ أنهم قالوا: الجد أب. وقد وصل أثر أبي بكر ﵁ الدارمي في سننه في الفرائض/ باب قول أبي بكر في الجد (٢٩٠٣). قال الحافظ في الفتح: إسناده صحيح (١٢/ ٢٠)، وأسنده أيضاً البخاري عنه في نفس الموضع (٦٧٣٨). وقال البخاري تحت الباب السابق: «ولم يذكر أن أحداً خالف أبا بكر في زمانه وأصحاب النبي ﷺ متوافرون»، وقال الحافظ في الفتح (١٢/ ٢١) ط/الريان: «وممن جاء عنه التصريح بأن الجد يرث ما كان يرث الأب عند عدم الأب معاذ، وأبو الدرداء، وأبو موسى، وأبي بن كعب، وعائشة وأبو هريرة … ».