Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/208)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

receive one-eighth. If a person dies leaving a wife and a full brother, the wife receives one-quarter, due to the absence of an inheriting descendant. The evidence is Allah’s saying, Exalted is He:

“And for them is one-quarter of what you leave if you have no child. But if you have a child, then for them is one-eighth of what you leave.” [Quran 4:12]

Praise be to Allah, who prescribed this. Were it not for this ordinance from Allah, the people would remain in endless dispute and contention. But Allah, Majestic and Exalted is He, undertook its allocation Himself: this person receives one-quarter, this one-eighth, and this one-half.

“Each of the father and the paternal grandfather receives one-sixth as a prescribed share when there are male children or male descendants through a son. They inherit by agnatic succession when there are no children or descendants through a son; and they inherit both by prescribed share and agnatic succession when there are female descendants.”

His statement, “Each of the father and the paternal grandfather receives one-sixth as a prescribed share when there are male children or male descendants through a son. They inherit by agnatic succession when there are no children or descendants through a son; and they inherit both by prescribed share and agnatic succession when there are female descendants”: the “grandfather” means one whose link to the deceased contains no female, since one whose link to the deceased contains a female does not inherit.

Thus, the grandfather and the father have three cases:

The first is where there are male descendants; the second, where there are female descendants; and the third, where there are no descendants at all.

In the third case, when neither of them is accompanied by any descendant, he inherits by agnatic succession and not by a prescribed share.

For example, if a person dies leaving a wife and a father, the wife receives one-quarter and the father the remainder, because he is an agnatic heir.

If he dies leaving a full brother and a father, the father receives the entire estate, because he is an agnatic heir, and an agnatic heir inherits without a fixed share. In the second case, when the father is accompanied by

الثمن، وإذا هلك هالك عن زوجة وأخ شقيق، فللزوجة الربع لعدم وجود فرع وارث، والدليل قوله تعالى: ﴿وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٢]، الحمد لله الذي فرض هذا، فلولا هذه الفريضة من الله ﷿ لبقي الناس في مشاكسة ونزاع لا نهاية له، لكن الله ـ جل وعلا ـ تولى ذلك بنفسه، هذا له الربع، هذا له الثمن، هذا له النصف. وَلِكُلٍّ مِنَ الأَبِ وَالجَدِّ السُّدُسُ بِالفَرْضِ مَعَ ذُكُورِ الوَلَدِ أَوْ وَلَدِ الابْنِ، وَيَرِثَانِ بِالتَّعْصِيبِ مَعَ عَدَمِ الوَلَدِ وَوَلَدِ الابْنِ، وَبِالفَرْضِ وَالتَّعْصِيبِ مَعَ إِنَاثِهِمَا ............. قوله: «ولكل من الأب والجد السدس بالفرض مع ذكور الولد أو ولد الابن، ويرثان بالتعصيب مع عدم الولد وولد الابن، وبالفرض والتعصيب مع إناثهما»، «الجد» أي: الذي ليس بينه وبين الميت أنثى؛ لأن الذي بينه وبين الميت أنثى لا يرث. فللجد والأب ثلاث حالات: الأولى: أن يوجد ذكور من الفروع، الثانية: أن يوجد إناث من الفروع، الثالثة: ألا يوجد أحد من الفروع. ففي الحال الثالثة: إذا لم يكن مع أحدهما أحد من الفروع فإنه يرث بالتعصيب ولا يرث بالفرض. مثال ذلك: هلك هالك عن زوجة وأب، للزوجة الربع وللأب الباقي؛ لأنه عاصب. هلك عن أخ شقيق وأب، للأب كل المال؛ لأنه عاصب والعاصب يرث بلا تقدير، وفي الحال الثانية: إذا كان مع الأب