Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/106)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

of the patients in front of an air conditioner. The reason for this is clear: fever means that heat leaves the interior of the body for its exterior, leaving the body cold inside. When heat is absent, the body’s equilibrium is undoubtedly disturbed, for Allah, Exalted is He, has made the body dependent upon coldness and heat, moisture and dryness. When one of these predominates over another, the body’s natural balance is disturbed. When cold comes, the heat moves from the exterior to the interior, and the body is restored to equilibrium.

“And when two upright Muslim physicians say that it is life-threatening.” ...

His statement, “And when two upright Muslim physicians say that it is life-threatening”: the first condition is expressed in his words, “two physicians.” Thus, the statement of someone who is not a physician is not taken into consideration. If a layman were to tell a patient, “This illness of yours is life-threatening,” while he is not a physician and knows nothing of medicine, his statement would not be considered—just as the ruling of an ignorant person would not be considered if he gave you a legal verdict that a particular prayer or ablution was valid or invalid.

If he is not a physician but is relaying the words of a physician—that is, he has heard from a skilled physician that this illness is life-threatening—then, according to the stronger view, his statement is accepted, because he is reporting from a physician. Likewise, in matters of Islamic law, if someone reports that a scholar said, “This is prohibited,” his statement is accepted if he is an acceptable transmitter of reports.

The second condition is, “Muslim”; its opposite is two unbelievers. Even if they are among the most skilled physicians, their statement carries no weight, because Allah the Most High says:

“O you who believe, if a wicked person comes to you with any news, verify it.” [al-Hujurat: 6]

If this is the case with the report of a flagrantly disobedient person, then the report of an unbeliever is rejected and not accepted.

المرضى أمام المكيف، ووجه ذلك ظاهر؛ لأن الحمى معناها خروج الحرارة من داخل البدن إلى ظاهره، فيبقى البدن من الداخل بارداً، وإذا عدمت الحرارة اختل التوازن بلا شك؛ لأن الله ﷾ جعل برودة وحرارة، ورطوبة ويبوسة يقوم بها البدن، فإذا غلب أحدها على الآخر اختلت طبيعة البدن، فإذا جاء البرد، انتقلت الحرارة من الظاهر إلى الباطن فيعتدل البدن. وَمَا قَالَ طَبِيبانِ مُسْلِمَانِ عَدْلانِ: إِنَّهُ مَخُوفٌ. ........... قوله: «وما قال طبيبان مسلمان عدلان: إنه مخوف» فالشرط الأول: قوله: «طبيبان»، فغير الطبيب لا يعتبر قوله، فلو أن عامياً قال لمريض من المرضى: إن مرضك هذا مخوف، وهو غير طبيب ولا يعرف الطب فإنه لا يعتبر قوله، كما لو أفتاك الجاهل بأن هذه الصلاة صحيحة أو غير صحيحة، أو هذا الوضوء صحيح أو غير صحيح. فإذا كان غير طبيب لكنه مقلد لطبيب، أي: أنه قد سمع من طبيب ماهر أن هذا المرض مخوف، فإنه على القول الراجح يؤخذ بقوله؛ لأنه أخبر عن طبيب، كما أنه في المسائل الشرعية لو أخبر شخص عن عالم بأنه قال: هذا حرام، فإنه يقبل قوله إذا كان مقبول الخبر. الشرط الثاني: «مسلمان» وضدهما الكافران، ولو كانا من أحذق الأطباء فإنه لا عبرة بقولهما، لقول الله تعالى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا﴾ [الحجرات: ٦]، فإذا كان هذا خبر الفاسق فخبر الكافر مردود لا يقبل.