Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/77)

the recipient does not own its usufruct until the lease term has ended. Thus, if he leases out his house for one year, then gives it as a gift to another person after six months have passed, the gift is valid; however, the recipient does not own its usufruct until the term has ended. That is, the tenant’s right remains as it was. As for the rent that becomes due, it belongs proportionately to the recipient from the time the gift was made to him.

His words, “and a dog that may be kept,” mean that it is valid to give as a gift a dog which may lawfully be kept. Although a dog may not validly be sold, this is because what is prohibited is taking payment for it. If one gives it without compensation, there is no harm in doing so. Moreover, giving it is not a true gift in the strict sense; rather, it amounts to relinquishing one’s exclusive right to that dog. Otherwise, a dog cannot validly be sold, and whatever cannot validly be sold cannot validly be given as a gift.

His words, “and a dog that may be kept,” teach us—may Allah grant us and him success—that a dog which may not be kept cannot validly be given as a gift, because in this case the giver has no right to it which he could relinquish by giving it away.

A dog may be kept for one of three purposes: farming, livestock, or hunting (1). These are the three purposes for which it is permissible to keep a dog, provided that it is not black. If it is black, it may not be kept, because its game is not lawful to eat, and because it is a devil (2); therefore, it may not be kept. But the dog

(1) Because al-Bukhari narrated it in The Book of Agency, chapter: “Keeping a Dog for Farming” (2322); and Muslim in The Book of Musaqah, chapter: “The Command to Kill Dogs” (1575 [58]). (2) Because Muslim narrated it in The Book of Prayer, chapter: “What Serves as a Screen for the Worshipper” (510), on the authority of Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him.

يملك الموهوب له منافعه حتى تتم مدة الأجرة، فلو أجَّر بيته لمدة سنة، ووهبه آخر بعد مضي ستة أشهر فالهبة صحيحة، ولكن الموهوب له لا يملك المنافع إلا إذا تمت المدة، بمعنى أن حق المستأجر ثابت على ما هو عليه، أما ما يستحقه من الأجرة فإنه للموهوب له من حين ما وُهِبَ له بقسطه. قوله: «وكلب يقتنى» يعني وتصح هبة الكلب الذي يقتنى، أي: يجوز اقتناؤه، مع أن الكلب لا يصح بيعه؛ لأن المحرم هو أخذ العوض عليه، فإن وهبه بلا عوض فلا بأس به، وهبته ـ أيضاً ـ ليست هبة حقيقة، ولكنها عبارة عن تنازل عن اختصاص بهذا الكلب، وإلا فالكلب لا يصح بيعه، وما لا يصح بيعه لا تصح هبته. وقوله: «وكلب يقتنى» أفادنا ﵀ أن الكلب الذي لا يقتنى لا تصح هبته؛ وذلك لأن الواهب في هذه الحال لا حق له فيه حتى يهبه. والذي يُقتنى هو ما كان لثلاثة أمور: إما الحرث، وإما الماشية، وإما الصيد (١)، فهذه ثلاثة أشياء يجوز اقتناء الكلب لها بشرط ألا يكون أسود، فإن كان أسود فإنه لا يجوز اقتناؤه؛ لأنه لا يحل صيده؛ ولأنه شيطان (٢) فلا يحل اقتناؤه، لكن الكلب

(١) لما أخرجه البخاري في الوكالة/ باب اقتناء الكلب للحرث (٢٣٢٢)؛ ومسلم في المساقاة/ باب الأمر بقتل الكلاب … (١٥٧٥) (٥٨). (٢) لما أخرجه مسلم في الصلاة/ باب ما يستر المصلي (٥١٠) عن أبي ذر ﵁.