both its males and females are included. The evidence for this is the saying of Allah, “O children of Adam, do not let Satan tempt you” [al-A‘raf 7:27]. His saying, “O children of Adam,” addresses both males and females; it does not address males alone. Likewise, the saying of Allah, “O children of Israel” [al-Baqarah 2:40], encompasses both males and females, as does the Prophet’s saying, “O children of Abd Manaf” (1).

Thus, if someone establishes an endowment for Banu Tamim, it is for both their males and females. But are the children of the females included? One must consider: if the children of the females are themselves from Banu Tamim, they are included in the first place, because they belong to Banu Tamim. But if the children of Tamimi women have fathers who are not from Banu Tamim, they are not included. This is why he said, “but not their children by other men,” meaning, by men who are not members of the tribe. Therefore, they are not given from an endowment established for Banu Tamim.

His statement, “His relatives, members of his household, and his people”: these are three expressions. What falls within their scope? The author says:

“It includes both males and females among his children, the children of his father, his grandfather, and his paternal great-grandfather.” Thus, if he says, “This is an endowment for my relatives,” these four generations are included: his children, the children of his father, the children of his grandfather, and the children of his paternal great-grandfather. It includes both males and females among his descendants until the Day of Resurrection, and among his ascendants only up to the third father. Thus, it includes his descendants, the descendants of his father, the descendants of his grandfather, and the descendants of his paternal great-grandfather.