Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/43)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

The answer: If the endower stipulates compensation for him, then yes. If he does not stipulate it, the administrator is entitled to the customary wage, as assessed by the judge. But if he serves voluntarily—may Allah reward him well—then he has assisted in a good cause.

If he endows something to his children, or to the children of another, and then to the poor, it belongs to his children, males and females alike, in equal shares.

His statement, “If he endows something to his children, or to the children of another, and then to the poor, it belongs to his children, males and females alike, in equal shares”: As for males, it is clear that the term “children” applies to them. As for females, the term “children” applies to them as well. The proof is the saying of Allah Most High: “Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females.” [al-Nisāʾ 4:11] Thus, He included the female among the children.

Therefore, if he says, “This is an endowment for my children,” and he has sons and daughters, the endowment is divided equally between the males and females. If the son says to the daughter, “You are not a child; rather, you are a daughter, whereas I am the child,” we say to him: In the Arabic language, the meaning conveyed by “child” includes both male and female; thus, males and females are equal in this regard.

If his children become extinct, by dying without leaving anyone behind, then to whom does the endowment belong?

The author says, “and then to the poor.” Thus, the endowment belongs to the poor, because the children have died out and left no descendants. Once it passes to the poor, its administration belongs to the judge, if the endower did not appoint an administrator.

His statement, “or to the children of another”: if he endows something to the children of so-and-so, then it belongs equally to his sons and daughters; and if they die out, then it belongs to the poor.

If he were to say, “I have endowed it to my children, and then to the mosques,” then the endowment belongs to his children; and if they die out, it belongs to the mosques.

الجواب: إن شرطها الواقف فنعم، وإذا لم يشرطها فله أجرة المثل ويقدرها الحاكم، وإن تبرع ـ فجزاه الله خيراً ـ فقد أعان على خير. وَإِنْ وَقَفَ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ أَوْ وَلَدِ غَيْرِهِ ثُمَّ عَلَى المَسَاكِينِ فَهُوَ لِوَلَدِهِ، الذُّكُورِ وَالإِنَاثِ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ، قوله: «وإن وقَف على ولده أو ولد غيره ثم على المساكين فهو لولده، الذكور والإناث بالسوية»، أما الذكور فواضح أن اسم الولد يطلق عليهم، وأما الإناث فيطلق عليهم ـ أيضاً ـ اسم الولد، ودليل ذلك قوله تعالى: ﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ﴾ [النساء: ١١]، فجعل الأنثى من الأولاد، فإذا قال: هذا وقف على ولدي، وله ذكور وإناث صار الوقف بين الذكور والإناث بالسوية، فإذا قال الولد للأنثى: أنتِ لستِ بولد بل بنت، والولد أنا، فنقول له: مدلول (ولد) في اللغة العربية يشمل الذكر والأنثى، فيكون الذكور والإناث على حد سواء. فإن انقرض أولاده بأن ماتوا ولم يخلفوا أحداً، فلمن يكون الوقف؟ يقول المؤلف: «ثم على المساكين»، فيكون الوقف للمساكين؛ لأن الولد انقرض ولم يبق له نسل، وإذا انتقل للمساكين يكون النظر للحاكم إذا لم يعين الواقف ناظراً. وقوله: «أو ولد غيره»، فإذا وقف على ولد فلان فهو لأولاده البنين والبنات بالسوية، فإن انقرضوا فعلى المساكين. ولو قال: وقفت على ولدي ثم المساجد، فيكون الوقف لولده، فإن انقرضوا فللمساجد.