he removed it from his ownership for their benefit as an entitlement, not as full ownership. That is why they do not own the right to sell it, mortgage it, or give it away. I have not found anyone who disagrees on this issue.
His statement, “Administration belongs to the beneficiary of the endowment,” means that when the endower makes an unrestricted endowment and appoints no administrator, its administration belongs to the beneficiary of the endowment. This applies when the endowment is made for a specified individual. But if it is made for a general category, or for something that cannot own property, then its administration belongs to the ruler—that is, the judge.
Thus, if he endows it to a specified individual and appoints no administrator, its administration belongs to the beneficiary, because he is the one entitled to it. If the beneficiaries are several people, each has authority over it in proportion to his share, since each one is entitled to it. What is meant by “in proportion to his share” is that, if the endowment can be divided—for example, if there are six beneficiaries—into six portions, and each person administers one-sixth, there is no problem.
Is it valid for someone to make an endowment for a specified individual and stipulate that the administrator be chosen from among those specified individuals? Yes, it is valid.
If he makes an endowment for an individual described by a particular quality, such as saying, “This is an endowment for the imam of the mosque,” or “for the muezzin of the mosque,” or “for the teacher in this library,” does its administration belong to him or to the judge?
There are two aspects to this. It has a particular aspect and a general aspect. In view of the fact that “the imam of the mosque” does not mean a particular person, So-and-so son of So-and-so, but rather anyone who serves as imam in the mosque, it is general in this respect, and its administration belongs to the ruler. Yet, in view of the fact that the imam is one individual, it falls under the category of an endowment for a specified individual, and its administration belongs to the imam alone.
In summary: first, if the endowment is for a general category, such as