Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

the children of so-and-so,” then we say: it passes immediately to the children of so-and-so, while the endowment for himself is invalid. Likewise, if he makes it an endowment for himself and then for students of knowledge, it passes directly to the students of knowledge.

But if he does not mention anyone after himself—such as when he says, “I have made this an endowment for myself,” and says nothing further—the endowment is invalid, and it remains unrestricted property, not an endowment. This is because the endowment was not validly established, nor was any ultimate beneficiary specified to whom it could be assigned; thus, it reverts to the endower.

In fact, their statement that it is assigned as an endowment to those after him supports the view that an endowment for oneself is valid. For if we say that it is invalid, then it must remain invalid and must not be assigned to those after him. How can it be assigned to those after him when it was never a valid endowment?!

The second view is that an endowment for oneself is valid. This was the view chosen by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, d. 728 AH, and a group of verifying scholars, because such an endowment has a benefit: it prevents him from disposing of it, so that he may neither sell it, give it away, nor mortgage it. When he dies, it is then assigned in the manner of an endowment whose beneficiaries have ceased to exist, rather than becoming an inheritance for the heirs.

However, if he does this as a legal stratagem to nullify the creditors’ right—such as a man who is in debt making his house an endowment for himself so that it will not be sold to settle his debt—then the endowment is invalid. Indeed, even if we suppose that he made it an endowment for someone other than himself as a stratagem to prevent its sale for the debt, the endowment is still invalid. This is the stronger view: if a person’s debt exhausts his wealth, then should he make any part of his wealth an endowment, it is invalid, because the creditors’ right has now attached to his property; and because

أولاد فلان، فنقول: ينتقل في الحال إلى أولاد فلان، ولا يصح أن يقف على نفسه، ومثل ذلك لو وَقَّف على نفسه ثم طلبة العلم، انتقل مباشرة إلى طلبة العلم. أما إذا لم يذكر أحداً بعده، بأن قال: وقفت هذا على نفسي، وسكت، فالوقف لا يصح ويبقى ملكاً حراً غير وقف؛ لأن هذا الوقف لم يصح، ولم يُذكر له مآل يُصرف إليه، فيرجع إلى الواقف. والحقيقة أن قولهم: إنه يصرف إلى من بعده وقفاً، يؤيد القول بأن الوقف على النفس صحيح؛ لأننا إذا قلنا: إنه لا يصح وجب ألا يصح، ولا يصرف إلى من بعده، إذ كيف يصرف إلى من بعده وهو لم يكن وقفاً صحيحاً؟! والقول الثاني: أنه يصح الوقف على النفس، اختاره شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية ﵀، وجماعة من العلماء المحققين؛ لأن الوقف على النفس فيه فائدة، وهي الامتناع من التصرف فيه، فلا يبيعه ولا يهبه ولا يرهنه، وأنه إذا مات صرف مصرف الوقف المنقطع، ولم يكن ميراثاً للورثة. ولكن لو فعل هذا تحيلاً لإسقاط حق الغرماء، مثل أن يكون رجلاً مديناً، فأوقف بيته على نفسه لئلا يُباع في دَينه، فالوقف هنا غير صحيح، حتى لو فرض أنه وقفه على غير نفسه حيلة ألا يباع في الدَّين، فإنه لا يصح الوقف، وهذا هو القول الراجح أن الإنسان الذي عليه دَين يستغرق ماله، فإنه إذا أوقف شيئاً من ماله لا يصح؛ لأن ماله الآن تعلق به حق الغرماء؛ ولأن

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