Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

However, if it is most likely that the matter resulted from a mistake—as in the example I mentioned last: two men are in the mosque, their sandals are similar, one of them leaves and takes the other’s sandals, leaving his own behind—then we hold that he should look for the man, since the owner of these sandals is known. If he cannot find him, he should consider the difference between the value of his own sandals and those he found. If his own sandals were better than these, he may take these and leave the matter at that. But if the sandals he found are better than his own, he must give the owner the excess value of these sandals in charity, since their owner is presently unavailable. This applies if he has despaired of finding the owner. If he has not despaired, then we say: Wait, for perhaps he will return. A person may make a mistake and, upon reaching his home, for example, realize that he took the wrong sandals and return looking for his own.

Nevertheless, in most cases such forgetfulness does not occur, because a foot accustomed to a particular sandal recognizes its sandal. As soon as a person puts on a sandal, he knows whether it is his own or someone else’s.

In summary, the established position in the school is that if one’s sandals, or something similar, are taken and he finds something else in their place, it is unconditionally deemed lost property.

The second view is that the circumstances should be considered. If there are indications that the owner of the sandals took your sandals and left these sandals for you, then they are not deemed lost property; rather, they belong to the one who found them. Yet in this case, he should wait for a little while, perhaps their owner will return. If he has despaired of his return, he may take them. If they are of lesser value than his own sandals, he may accept them as compensation; but if they are of greater value, he must give the difference between the values of the two pairs of sandals in charity. According to this view, the author’s statement is restricted to cases like this.

لكن إذا غلب على الظن أن المسألة فيها خطأ، كالمثال الذي مثلته أخيراً: رجلان في المسجد، نعالهما تتشابهان، خرج أحدهما وأخذ نعل صاحبه وأبقى نعله، ففي هذه الحال نرى أن يبحث عن الرجل؛ لأن مالك هذه النعل معلوم، فإن لم يجده فلينظر الفرق بين قيمة نعله وهذا النعل الذي وجده، فإن كان نعله أحسن من هذا النعل أخذه واكتفى، وإن كان النعل الموجود أحسن من نعله، فإنه يجب أن يتصدق بالزائد من ثمن هذا الموجود لصاحبه؛ لأن صاحبه الآن غير موجود، هذا إن أيس من صاحبه، أما إذا لم ييأس فهنا نقول: انتظر، فربما يرجع؛ لأنه ربما يغلط الإنسان فإذا وصل إلى بيته ـ مثلاً ـ عرف أنه غلطان فيرجع يطلب نعله. على أن الغالب بالنسبة للنسيان أنه لا يقع؛ لأن الرِّجْل التي اعتادت على نعل معين تعرف نعلها، فالإنسان من حين أن يلبس النعل يعرف أن هذا نعله أو نعل غيره. والخلاصة: المذهب أنه إذا أُخِذَ نعله أو نحوه ووجد موضعه غيره فهو لقطة مطلقاً. والقول الثاني: أنه ينظر للقرائن، فإذا وجدت قرائن تدل على أن صاحب النعل أخذ نعلك، وأبقى لك هذا النعل، فإنه لا يكون لقطة وإنما يكون لواجده، ولكن في هذه الحال ينبغي أن يتأنى بعض الشيء لعل صاحبه يرجع، فإذا أيس منه أخذه، فإن كان أدنى من نعله اكتفى به، وإن كان أعلى وجب عليه أن يتصدق بالفرق بين قيمتي النعلين، وعلى هذا يكون كلام المؤلف مقيداً بمثل هذه الصورة.

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