Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

was not from charity? The answer is that this was due to the perfection of the Prophet’s scrupulousness, peace and blessings be upon him. Perhaps there was some indication that it was from charity—for example, it may have been in the place where the charity had been distributed, and this date had fallen from it. As for us, however, if we find it and are among those forbidden to receive obligatory charity, we may eat it unless we become certain that it is from obligatory charity.

His statement, “that which is of concern to people of moderate means”: what concerns people of moderate means differs according to circumstances, places, and times. In the past, a single dirham was of concern to people of moderate means, because it could procure a great deal. That is, a person could buy a sheep with one dirham, and could also buy grain to cook and feed his guest.

Nowadays—praise be to Allah—no one is concerned about a dirham, nor about five dirhams, nor ten; but fifty is of concern to people of moderate means. Thus, this is assessed according to circumstances, and people’s circumstances differ.

But if someone were to say: Perhaps something that is not of concern to people of moderate means is nevertheless of concern to the person who lost it? The reply is that what matters is what is generally the case. A pen may not be worth a dirham, yet to its owner it may be worth one hundred dirhams, because he is accustomed to it and finds his writing with it easy and beautiful. This is something commonly observed: certain things are valuable to their owner but not valuable in the eyes of others. Thus, what matters is what is generally the case.

As for a loaf of bread, a whip, and similar items, they become the property of the finder without public announcement. ………

His statement, “As for a loaf of bread, a whip, and similar items, they become the property of the finder without public announcement”: this is because they are not of concern to people of moderate means. A loaf means a round flatbread. Thus, whoever finds a round loaf that has fallen in the marketplace should take it and eat it, unless he knows its owner.

ليست من الصدقة؟ فيقال في الجواب: إن هذا لكمال ورعه ﷺ، ولعل هناك قرينة تدل على أنها من الصدقة مثل أن تكون في المكان الذي حوله فرقت الصدقة، فسقطت منها هذه التمرة، لكن بالنسبة لنا لو وجدناها ونحن ممن تحرم عليهم الصدقة الواجبة، فلنا أن نأكلها حتى نتيقن أنها من الصدقة الواجبة. وقوله: «تتبعه همة أوساط الناس» الذي تتبعه همة أوساط الناس يختلف باختلاف الأحوال والأماكن والأزمان، فيما سبق الدرهم الواحد تتبعه همة أوساط الناس؛ لأنه يحصل به شيء كثير، يعني يمكن أن الدرهم الواحد يشتري به الإنسان شاة ويشتري به ـ أيضاً ـ حباً يطبخه ويكفي ضَيْفَه. والآن ـ والحمد لله ـ الدرهم لا يهتم به أحد، وكذا خمسة دراهم، وكذا عشرة، والخمسون يهتم بها أوساط الناس، إذاً يقدر هذا بحسب الأحوال، والأحوال يختلف فيها الناس. لكن لو قال قائل: لعل هذا الذي لا تتبعه همة أوساط الناس تتبعه همة فاقِدِهِ؟ فيقال: العبرة بالأغلب، يعني رب قلم لا يساوي درهماً، وعند صاحبه يساوي مائة درهم؛ لأنه تعوَّد عليه وكتابته به سهلة وجميلة، وهذا شيء مشاهد، بعض الأشياء تكون عند صاحبها غالية، وعند الناس ليست غالية، فيقال: العبرة بالأغلب. فَأَمَّا الرَّغِيفُ، وَالسَّوْطُ وَنَحْوُهُمَا فَيُمْلَكُ بِلَا تَعْرِيفٍ. ........... قوله: «فأما الرغيف والسوط ونحوهما فيملك بلا تعريف» لأنها لا تتبعها همة أوساط الناس، والرغيف يعني القرص، فمن وجد قرصاً ساقطاً في السوق فليأخذه وليأكله، ما لم يكن يعلم صاحبه.

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