Thus, if he says, “Whoever returns my camel will receive one hundred riyals,” then the payment offered by the offeror is known, while the work is unknown, because it is not known whether he will return it from a nearby or a distant place. He may become exhausted, thinking that he will return it in two days, yet not return it until ten days have passed; or perhaps he may be unable to return it at all. We therefore say: with respect to a ju'alah contract, the work need not be known. This is among the merits of the Shariah, because in a case such as this it may be difficult to specify the work. If he were to say, for example, “Whoever returns my lost property from a distance of ten kilometres,” it may be found within ten kilometres, or it may not. But if he makes the payment compensation for the work without restriction, then the worker’s lot and share is as people say; there is nothing wrong with this.
But if he offers something unknown, saying, “Whoever returns my camel will receive the dirhams in this bag,” then this is not permissible, because it is unknown: we do not know whether it is one hundred, two hundred, or more. The payment made by the offeror must therefore be known, so that the worker may proceed with full knowledge.
If it is supposed that the offeror sets a large reward because he thinks that this camel can only be found with hardship and after travelling a great distance, but Allah makes it easy for the worker, can the offeror demand that the worker accept a reduced payment or not? The answer is no. We say: this is provision from Allah for the worker. Likewise, if he does not find it until after a long time and a lengthy journey, he cannot demand an additional payment from the offeror.
If he says, “If you return my stray camel, you will receive half of it,” this is known, though known as a proportion, since it is an undivided share. There is nothing wrong with this. It is like a muḍārabah partnership: you give him capital and say, “Trade with it, and you will receive half of the profit.” He may then trade with it in a manner