The second: “or digs a well and reaches water.” This constitutes reclamation. But what does he acquire by digging the well? If the well is for drawing water and the like, he acquires its protected surrounding area; its details will be explained, Allah willing. If it is for irrigating land, such as an agricultural well, then he acquires all the land to which he conveys its water. If he does not reach water, it is not reclamation, but he has a greater right to it than anyone else, because he began the reclamation but did not complete it.
The third: “or channels water to it from a spring or the like.” The words “channels water to it” mean that he conveys water to uncultivated land “from a spring or the like,” such as a river. This constitutes reclamation. But what is acquired? The answer is: everything over which the water flows; that is what has been reclaimed.
The fourth: “or keeps water from it so that it may be cultivated.” He has then reclaimed it. This concerns land containing an abundance of water and therefore unsuitable for cultivation: if crops are planted there, they will be flooded. How, then, does he reclaim it? He reclaims it by keeping the water away from it. Once he has kept the water from it so that it becomes suitable for cultivation, he has reclaimed it. Thus, all land from which he keeps water is considered reclaimed and belongs to its owner. Conveying water to land is reclamation, and keeping water away from land is also reclamation, because the objective is to prepare the land for cultivation.
The scholars further added: likewise, if there are trees on it such that planting or cultivation alongside them is not possible, and he removes the trees, this is reclamation. Similarly, if there are piled-up stones upon it, making the land unsuitable for cultivation, and he removes the stones and clears the land, this is reclamation.
Some scholars say that customary practice should be referred to in this matter: whatever people regard as reclamation is reclamation, and whatever they do not regard as reclamation is not reclamation. They argued