Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (10/313)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

and by the fourth and fifth [transfers], you will find that it has decreased without doubt. The same applies to measured goods. For example, if we estimate this sack to contain one hundred sāʿs, then measure out from it fifty full sāʿs, this will result in a deficiency in the remaining fifty sāʿs.

The correct view is that he is not obliged to hand it over. Rather, he should be told: “Bring your partner, or obtain his consent; otherwise, it may not be given to you.”

His statement, “or divisible weighed goods”: The same applies to these. An example of divisible weighed goods is a large container of honey jointly owned by two people, which they bring to him and say: “This is a deposit.” Then, after a while, one of them comes and says: “Give me my share.” According to the author’s view, he must give it to him. The correct view, however, is that he is not obliged to do so unless his partner agrees, because of the possibilities we have mentioned.

His statement, “divisible,” excludes that which cannot be divided, such as something mixed together. In that case, he is not obliged to give it to him, lest this harm the other party. The same applies if it cannot be divided because it has become congealed, such that it cannot be apportioned by weight or measure. In such a case, the depositary is not required to hand over his share, because this would harm his partner. Yet according to the view we have chosen, he is never obliged to hand over a partner’s share to him unless he brings authorization from his partner.

His statement, “the depositary”: what is meant is the person with whom the property was deposited.

His statement, “the muḍārib”: this is the person who is given capital under a muḍārabah partnership—for example, when he is told: “Take these ten thousand riyals as muḍārabah capital; trade with them, and half of the profit will be yours.” It is called muḍārabah because, as mentioned earlier, merchants generally travel through the land and journey in it. Allah, Most High, says:

“and others traveling throughout the land, seeking Allah’s bounty.” [Surah al-Muzzammil 73:20]

والرابع والخامس تجده ينقص بلا شك، وكذلك ـ أيضاً ـ المكيل فإذا قدرنا هذا الكيس ـ مثلاً ـ مائة صاع، وكلنا منه خمسين صاعاً وافية، فإن ذلك يؤدي إلى نقص الخمسين صاعاً الباقية. والصحيح أنه لا يلزمه تسليمه، ويقال له: أحضر صاحبك أو هات منه موافقة وإلا فلا. وقوله: «أو موزون ينقسم» مثله ـ أيضاً ـ، فالموزون المنقسم كما لو كان بينهما جِراب من عسل أحضراه إليه وقالا له: هذا وديعة، ثم بعد حين جاء أحدهما وقال: أعطني نصيبي؟ فعلى كلام المؤلف يلزمه إعطاؤه، والصحيح أنه لا يلزمه إلا بموافقة صاحبه لما ذكرنا من الاحتمالات. وقوله: «ينقسم» احترازاً مما لا يمكن أن ينقسم، كما لو كان مخلوطاً، فإنه لا يلزمه لئلا يضر الآخر، أو كان لا تمكن قسمته لكونه متلبداً لا يمكن قسمته بوزن ولا بكيل، ففي هذه الحال لا يلزم المودَع أن يسلمه نصيبه؛ لما في ذلك من الضرر على شريكه، لكن على ما اخترناه، لا يلزمه مطلقاً أن يسلم نصيب الشريك إليه حتى يأتي بإذن من صاحبه. قوله: «وللمستودَع» المراد به المودَع. قوله: «والمضارَب» وهو من أعطي المال مضاربة، بأن قيل له: خذ هذه عشرة آلاف ريال مضاربة، اتجر بها ولك نصف الربح، وسميت مضاربة؛ لما سبق من كون التجار غالباً يضربون في الأرض، ويسافرون فيها قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَآخَرُونَ يَضْرِبُونَ فِي الأَرْضِ يَبْتَغُونَ مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ﴾ [المزمل: ٢٠].