Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (10/269)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

The second is a disposition for consideration that transfers ownership, namely a sale. He may therefore take it by pre-emption on the basis of either sale.

The third is a disposition for consideration that does not transfer ownership, namely a pledge or lease. The author holds that a pledge or lease causes the right of pre-emption to lapse, but the correct view is that neither causes it to lapse, and that the co-owner may take the share.

His statement, “The revenue belongs to the purchaser,” means that the revenue belongs to the purchaser of the share.

For example, two men jointly own an apartment building and lease it for one year at one hundred thousand. One of the co-owners then sells his share to someone, but the other co-owner remains unaware of the sale until four months have passed. The revenue for those four months belongs to the purchaser. The reason is that it is an increase generated by his property. The Prophet ﷺ said: “Liability entails entitlement to revenue.” (1) It is his property, for which he bears liability; therefore, its revenue belongs to him.

His statement, “and any separable increase”: he is likewise entitled to any separable increase. For example, a man sells his share of a date-palm grove before it bears fruit, and the co-owner does not assert his right until after the fruit has appeared and been harvested. The increase has then become separate, so it belongs to the purchaser, because it is an increase generated by his property.

His statement, “and the crop”: if the co-owner sells his share to someone,

(1) Reported by Imam Ahmad (6:80, 116); Abu Dawud, Book of Sales, chapter: “Concerning one who buys a slave and then uses him” (3508); al-Tirmidhi, Book of Sales, chapter: “What has been reported regarding one who buys a slave” (1285); al-Nasai, Book of Sales, chapter: “Entitlement to profit is tied to liability” (7:254); and Ibn Majah, Book of Commerce, chapter: “Entitlement to profit is tied to liability” (2242), on the authority of Aishah. It was authenticated by al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban (4927), and al-Hakim (2:15), and al-Dhahabi concurred with him.

الثاني: تصرف بعوض ينقل الملك وهو البيع فله أخذه بالشفعة بأحد البيعين. الثالث: تصرف بعوض لا ينقل الملك وهو الرهن والإجارة، والمؤلف يرى سقوط الشفعة بالرهن والإجارة، والصحيح أن ذلك لا يسقط الشفعة وأن للشريك أن يأخذ الشقص. قوله: «وللمشتري الغلة» أي: لمشتري الشقص الغلة. مثال ذلك: رجلان شريكان في عمارة وأجَّراها السنة بمائة ألف، ثم إن أحد الشريكين باع نصيبه على شخص، وخفي على الشريك أنه باع حتى مضى أربعة أشهر، فالغلة في هذه أربعة الأشهر للمشتري، وتعليل ذلك أنه نماء ملكه، وقد قال النبي ﷺ: «الخراج بالضمان» (١) فهو ملكه مضمون عليه فتكون له غلته. قوله: «والنماء المنفصل» فله ـ أيضاً ـ النماء المنفصل، مثاله: رجل باع نصيبه من النخل قبل أن يثمر ولم يطالب الشريك إلا بعد أن خرجت الثمرة وجذها، فانفصلت الزيادة فتكون للمشتري؛ لأنها نماء ملكه. قوله: «والزرع» فلو أن الشريك باع نصيبه على شخص،

(١) أخرجه الإمام أحمد (٦/ ٨٠، ١١٦)؛ وأبو داود في البيوع/ باب فيمن اشترى عبداً فاستعمله (٣٥٠٨)؛ والترمذي في البيوع/ باب ما جاء فيمن يشتري العبد (١٢٨٥)؛ والنسائي في البيوع/ باب الخراج بالضمان (٧/ ٢٥٤)؛ وابن ماجه في التجارات/ باب الخراج بالضمان (٢٢٤٢) عن عائشة ﵂؛ وصححه الترمذي؛ وابن حبان (٤٩٢٧)؛ والحاكم (٢/ ١٥)، ووافقه الذهبي.