Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (10/149)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

that he owes him his wage unconditionally, even if he detains him at a time when he could not benefit from working—for example, if he detains him at night, since the night is not normally a time for work. Nevertheless, it is said that he owes him a wage. The same applies if he is unemployed and does not work. But this issue requires further consideration, for if he detains him while he is unemployed, he has deprived him of nothing. The correct view is that this should be restricted to a person who works, or to a time in which he could benefit from working.

If he detains him and he dies as a result of the detention, is he liable to pay blood money for him? Yes, he is liable to pay blood money, because he died as a result of his detention.

But what if he detains him and a lightning bolt strikes him from the sky? The jurists differed over this issue. Some held that he is liable, because had he not detained him in that place, the lightning bolt would not have struck him. Others held that he is not liable, unless it is known that lightning commonly strikes in that location. If that is the case, then he is liable.

Likewise, if a snake bites him and he dies in the place of detention, we say that he is not liable, unless it is known that snakes are common in that place.

He must return the usurped property together with its increase, even if it costs him several times its value. If he builds on the land or plants in it, he must remove it, compensate for its diminution, restore it to level ground, and pay the rent. …

His statement, “He must return the usurped property,” informs us that the usurper is legally obligated to return the usurped property, and the cost of returning it is borne by the usurper, due to the Prophet’s saying, peace and blessings be upon him: “No wrongful possessor has any right.” (1)

His statement, “together with its increase,” means that if the usurped property increases, that increase belongs to its owner, whether it is attached to it or separate from it, due to the general wording of the author’s statement, “together with its increase.”

(1) Its source has already been cited on p. 66.

﵀ أن عليه أجرته مطلقاً حتى وإن كان حبسه في وقت لا ينتفع فيه، كما لو حبسه في الليل؛ لأن الليل ليس محلاً للعمل ومع ذلك نقول: عليه الأجرة، أو كان عاطلاً لا يعمل، وفي المسألة نظر؛ لأنه إذا حبسه وهو عاطل فإنه لم يفوت عليه شيئاً، فالصواب أن يقيد بما إذا كان هذا الرجل يعمل، أو في وقت ينتفع فيه. وإذا حبسه فمات من الحبس فهل يضمنه بدية؟ نعم، يضمنه بدية؛ لأنه مات بحبسه. فإن حبسه فنزلت عليه صاعقة من السماء؟ هذه المسألة اختلف فيها الفقهاء ﵏، منهم من قال: إنه يضمنه؛ لأنه لولا أنه حبسه في هذا المكان ما نزلت عليه الصاعقة، ومنهم من قال: لا يضمنه، إلا إذا عُرف أن هذا الموضع عادة تكثر فيه الصواعق، فإذا كان كذلك فإنه يضمنه. ومثل ذلك لو لدغته حية ومات في مكان الحبس، فإننا نقول: لا يضمن، إلا إذا عُرف أن هذا المكان تكثر فيه الحيات. وَيَلْزَمُ رَدُّ المَغْصُوبِ بِزِيَادَتِهِ، وَإِنْ غَرِمَ أَضْعَافَهُ، وَإِنْ بَنَى فِي الأَرْضِ أَوْ غَرَسَ لَزِمَهُ القَلْعُ، وَأَرْشُ نَقْصِهَا، وَتَسْوِيَتُهَا، وَالأُجْرَةُ. ...... قوله: «ويلزم رد المغصوب» أفادنا المؤلف أنه يجب شرعاً على الغاصب رد المغصوب، ومؤونة رده على الغاصب؛ لقول النبي ﷺ: «ليس لعرق ظالم حق» (١). قوله: «بزيادته» يعني لو زاد المغصوب فإن الزيادة لمالكه، سواء كانت متصلة أم منفصلة؛ لعموم قول المؤلف: «بزيادته».

(١) سبق تخريجه ص (٦٦).