or he may have the one hundred riyals taken from him and thus incur a loss. In reality, this is gambling. Therefore, the basic ruling is that offering a prize in a race is prohibited, and it is only permitted for a reason, as will follow, Allah willing.
“Racing is valid on foot, with all other animals, ships, and javelins, …”
His statement, “Racing is valid on foot”: this is the category that is permissible without a prize. It is that which involves no religiously prohibited harm and contains no benefit that outweighs the harm inherent in wagering on it. Thus, this category is permissible without a prize but impermissible with one, whether the prize is money, goods, or a benefit. For example, two people may race to see which of them reaches the designated goal first. This is permissible between two men, between two women, and between a man and his wife, as the Prophet ﷺ raced with Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her (1). This provides relaxation for the soul, refreshment and strengthening for the body, and encouragement to compete.
The apparent meaning of the author’s words, and those of others, is that there is no difference between racing while facing forward and racing backward, since many people race backward to see which of them has the greater determination to move backward faster than the other. This is permissible. Is racing to the right or to the left also permissible? Yes, it is permissible. Some people likewise race to see which of them can go first, to the right or to the left.