which may be anything for which a sale contract is valid, whether cash dirhams, a tangible item, or a benefit. Hence, it is permissible to lease a benefit in exchange for a benefit, to lease a tangible item in exchange for a benefit, and to hire a worker to perform work in exchange for a benefit.
His statement, “Wages become due upon the contract,” means that the wage becomes due to the worker merely by conclusion of the contract. Just as the lessee acquires the benefit through the contract, the lessor acquires its consideration through the contract. One consequence of this is that if I hire you to do some work in exchange for this sheep, the sheep belongs to the worker from the moment of the contract: its milk and wool belong to him, as does any offspring born after the lease contract, because the wage becomes due merely upon the contract. However, it is not payable until the work owed as a debt has been delivered, or the leased item has been delivered and the term has elapsed.
His statement, “if they are not deferred”: if the wages are deferred, both parties have agreed that they do not become due until the end of the specified term. For example, if I say, “I lease you this house for ten thousand, payable in the month of Muharram in the year eighteen,” then the wage is not yet due, because the two parties have agreed that it is deferred until Muharram.
His statement, “and they are earned upon delivery of work that is owed as a debt,” means that the wage—whether specified or unspecified—becomes payable in several ways, including:
First: upon delivery of the work owed as a debt. Thus, if you hire a worker to plough this land for you, and he ploughs it, he is now entitled to the wage in all cases, because he has fulfilled what he owes and therefore deserves what is due to him. He has no right to demand delivery of it before completing the work, because it is possible that the contract between him and me may not be completed.
Second: upon delivery of the leased item that is the subject of the contract, once the term has elapsed.