If he hires it to carry a load rather than to be ridden, the load must be specified, because loads differ. For example, there is a difference between a load of cotton or sponge and one of lead. Which of them is more burdensome? Each is more burdensome than the other in a particular respect. Sponge may be bulky and thus tire the camel, because it catches the wind; the wind impedes and exhausts the camel. Yet, in relation to the camel’s back, it is easier. Lead, on the other hand, is not affected by the wind, but because of its weight upon the back, it may wound the animal and cause saddle sores. Therefore, the type of load must be specified, because it makes a difference.

Thus, the type of load and the destination must be specified, and the route must be known. If he says, “I have hired this camel from you for a man to ride to Medina,” he must specify the man, for some riders are light upon an animal: if they move upon it, it becomes lively and swift. Other people, however, do not stir the camel at all, and then they hurt it by striking it while it does not move. Hence, riders who know how to ride—whether camels or horses—differ greatly. It will come later, if Allah wills, in the chapter on racing that the rider must be specified, because people differ.

There is likewise a difference between a rider who is large-bodied and one who is small-bodied. Thus, the rider must be specified. The principle is that everything which affects the intended purpose and the full realization of the benefit must be stated. The evidence for this is that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade transactions involving excessive uncertainty (1). A lease is a sale of benefits; accordingly, this benefit must be free of any excessive uncertainty.