Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

is the view preferred by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him, and it is correct. It makes no difference whether he leases the animal and brings it to his own premises, or leases it while it remains with its owner. Leasing an animal for its milk takes one of two forms:

Either he leases it, brings it to his home, and provides for it himself;

or he leases it while it remains with its owner, who bears its maintenance. All of this is permissible according to the correct view. But according to the school, what should a person do if he has guests and wants to obtain milk for them? He must buy it. Milk may not be sold while still in the udder; rather, they say to him: Milk the animal, and once you have milked it, buy the milk if you need it. The point is that, even if we were to close the door on leasing an animal for its milk, there remain other permissible avenues, praise be to Allah.

His statement: “The water collected in a well and the water of the land are included incidentally.” Thus, if one person leases from another a well from which to water his camels or his crops, this is permissible, even though the object of the contract in this case is water, which is a tangible entity made up of discrete parts.

So how do they answer their own statement that a lease contract must concern a benefit? They say: This is included incidentally, because the object of the contract is the well; as for the water, it is not itself the object of the contract.

A thing may be established as subsidiary to another,
Though, if independent, it would not be allowed. (1)

But this is incorrect, because what is intended is the water. Their statement that “the water of the well is included incidentally” is, in truth, the reverse of the matter: the water is the primary object, for if the well contained no water, no one would lease it.

(1) The poem on legal maxims by our shaykh, may Allah Most High have mercy on him.
اختيار شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية ﵀ وهو الصواب، وسواء استأجره وأتى به إلى محله أو استأجره وهو عند صاحبه؛ لأن استئجار الحيوان لأخذ اللبن على وجهين: إما أن يستأجره ويأتي به إلى بيته وينفق عليه. وإما أن يستأجره وهو عند صاحبه ويكون الإنفاق على صاحبه، كل ذلك جائز على القول الصحيح، لكن على المذهب ماذا يصنع إذا كان عنده ضيوف ويريد أن يأخذ لهم لبناً؟ يشتري ولا يجوز بيع اللبن في الضرع بل نقول له احلبها وإذا حلبتها اشتر اللبن إذا كنت محتاجاً، فالمهم حتى لو سددنا الباب في مسألة استئجار الحيوان لأخذ لبنه، فهناك أبواب مفتوحة والحمد لله. قوله: «ونقع البئر وماء الأرض يدخلان تبعاً» فلو استأجر شخص من آخر بئراً يسقي منه إبله، أو زرعه، فهذا جائز، مع أن المعقود عليه الآن هو الماء وهو عين وأجزاء. فكيف يجيبون عن قولهم: (إن الإجارة لا بد أن تقع على المنفعة)؟ يقولون: هذا يدخل تبعاً؛ لأن المعقود عليه هو البئر، أما الماء فليس معقوداً عليه. قد يثبت الشيء لغيره تبع وإن يكن لو استقل لامتنع (١) وهذا غير صحيح! لأن المقصود هو الماء، فقولهم: (إن ماء البئر يدخل تبعاً) الحقيقة أنه بالعكس، فالأصل هو الماء، والبئر لو لم يكن فيها ماء ما استأجرها أحد.
(١) منظومة القواعد الفقهية لشيخنا ـ رحمه الله تعالى ـ.

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