to this tenant: “Either remove this device—the satellite channels—or I will not renew your contract.” As for the lease already agreed upon, it must be completed, for Allah the Exalted says:

“O you who believe, fulfill your contracts.” [al-Ma'idah 5:1]

A wall may validly be rented for placing the ends of one’s beams upon it. A woman may not hire herself out without her husband’s permission.

His statement, “A wall may validly be rented for placing the ends of one’s beams upon it,” means a wall. Thus, if someone wishes to rent his neighbor’s wall in order to rest the ends of his beams upon it, there is nothing wrong with this. This may, however, appear problematic, since a neighbor is obliged to allow his neighbor to place the ends of his beams on his wall, as stated in the authentic hadith: “Let no neighbor prevent his neighbor from inserting his beams—or, he said, a beam—into his wall.” Abu Hurayrah—who was governor of Madinah—said: “Why do I see you turning away from it? By Allah, I shall cast it between your shoulders.” (1)

This hadith indicates that the neighbor must be allowed to place beams on the wall. It may be said: Yes, but at times this is not obligatory. That is when the roof can be constructed without placing the beams upon the wall; in that case, it is not required. For example, if the room is narrow and the beams can be placed across its width, while the neighbor’s wall runs along its length, then the room can be roofed without needing the neighbor’s wall.

Likewise, the neighbor may perhaps dislike disputes and litigation, and taking the matter to the judge so that he compels the neighbor to allow the beams to be placed upon his wall. Therefore, we say: in the case where a neighbor is obliged to allow his neighbor to place beams upon the wall, if the one who needs to place the beams does not wish