Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (9/464)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

to induce scholars of the state to find evidence that would please the state, since the masses would not consent to having their wealth taken from them and being told, “Nationalize it.” So they resorted to equivocal texts, arbitrarily dismissing the textual proofs and wrenching them from their proper meanings in order to make them conform to the state’s view. They cited texts in a most remarkable manner, saying: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: ‘People are partners in three things’” (1)—thus establishing shared ownership, meaning socialism. They also said: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: ‘Whoever has land should cultivate it, or let his brother cultivate it’” (2). “You have many faddāns of land and vast acreage which you are unable to cultivate, so we shall take it from you and give it to others.”

They also said that Allah, Most High, says in the Quran: “He sets forth for you an example from your own selves: Do you have, among those whom your right hands possess, any partners in what We have provided for you, such that you are equal therein?” [30:28] That is, “In what We have provided you, you and your slaves are equal; and if the free person and the slave are equal, then surely one free person is equal to another all the more so”—and so on.

Such people are what we call scholars of the state. But by Allah, the state will avail them nothing. Unless they are forgiven, they will face the position of those who say: “Our Lord, we obeyed our masters and our leaders, and they led us astray from the way. Our Lord, give them a double punishment and curse them with a great curse.” * [al-Ahzab: 67–68]

Scholars of the masses have no involvement with the state, but they look to see what

(1) Previously referenced on p. 10. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Al-Harth wa al-Muzara'ah (Cultivation and Sharecropping), chapter: “How the Companions of the Prophet helped one another with farming and fruit” (2340); and by Muslim in Al-Buyu' (Sales), chapter: “Leasing Land” (1536), no. 88—the wording is his—on the authority of Jabir ibn Abd Allah.

علماء الدولة أن يجدوا دليلاً ليرضوا الدولة؛ لأن العامة لا يرضون أن تؤخذ أموالهم، ويقال لهم: أمموها، فأتوا بمتشابهات، يتعسفون في رد النصوص ويلوون أعناقها من أجل أن توافق رأي الدولة، واستدلوا بالنصوص على وجه عجيب قالوا: إن الرسول ﷺ قال: «الناس شركاء في ثلاث» (١)، فأثبت المشاركة، يعني الاشتراكية، وقالوا ـ أيضاً ـ إن الرسول ﷺ قال: «من كان له أرض فليَزْرَعْها أو ليُزْرِعْها أخاه» (٢)، وأنت عندك فدادين كثيرة وأرض واسعة، لا تستطيع زراعتها، فنأخذها منك ونعطيها للآخرين، وقالوا: إن الله ـ تعالى ـ قال في القرآن: ﴿ضَرَبَ لَكُمْ مَثَلاً مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ هَلْ لَكُمْ مِن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ شُرَكَاءَ فِي مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ فَأَنْتُمْ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ﴾ [الروم: ٢٨]، أي: ما رزقناكم فأنتم والعبيد فيه سواء، وإذا كان الحر مع العبد سواء فالحر مع الحر من باب أولى، وهلم جرّاً، فهؤلاء نسميهم علماء دولة، ولكن والله لا تغنيهم الدولة شيئاً، سيكون لهم ـ إن لم يغفر لهم ـ موقف من يقولون: ﴿رَبَّنَا إِنَّا أَطَعْنَا سَادَتَنَا وَكُبَرَاءَنَا فَأَضَلُّونَا السَّبِيلَا﴾ ﴿رَبَّنَا آتِهِمْ ضِعْفَيْنِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَالْعَنْهُمْ لَعْناً كَبِيرًا *﴾ [الأحزاب]. علماء الأمة ليس لهم دخل في الدولة، لكن ينظرون ما

(١) سبق تخريجه ص (١٠). (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الحرث والمزارعة/ باب ما كان من أصحاب النبي ﷺ يواسي بعضهم بعضاً في الزراعة والثمر (٢٣٤٠)، ومسلم في البيوع/ باب كراء الأرض (١٥٣٦) (٨٨) ـ واللفظ له ـ عن جابر بن عبد الله ﵄.