one of the matters from which tayammum is performed. Thus, if he intends minor ritual impurity, major ritual impurity is not removed; and if he intends major ritual impurity, minor ritual impurity is not removed. If he intends it for bodily impurity, it does not suffice for ritual impurity. But if he intends all of them—minor and major ritual impurity, and bodily impurity—it suffices, due to the general import of the Prophet’s saying, peace and blessings be upon him: “Actions are only by intentions.” (1)

If he intends a voluntary prayer, or leaves the intention unrestricted, he may not perform an obligatory prayer with it. But if he intends the obligatory prayer, he may perform both obligatory and voluntary prayers throughout its entire time. Tayammum is invalidated by the expiry of the prayer time, …

His statement, “If he intends a voluntary prayer, or leaves the intention unrestricted, he may not perform an obligatory prayer with it”: an example is that he performs tayammum for the regular voluntary prayer before the obligatory prayer. He may not then perform the obligatory prayer with it, because he intended a voluntary prayer. According to the school, tayammum merely permits worship, and what is higher in rank cannot be permitted by intending what is lower.

His statement, “or leaves the intention unrestricted,” means that he intends tayammum for prayer generally, without intending either an obligatory or a voluntary prayer. He may not perform an obligatory prayer with it. This is by way of precaution.

His statement, “But if he intends the obligatory prayer, he may perform both obligatory and voluntary prayers throughout its entire time,” means that if he intends tayammum for an obligatory prayer, he may perform all the obligatory and voluntary prayers during that prayer time.

He may combine prayers during that time and make up missed prayers, and he may perform the regular and non-regular voluntary prayers, so long as it is not a time in which prayer is prohibited.

The author explicitly mentioned this because some of the early generations held that one must perform tayammum for every prayer (2): whenever he concluded one prayer with the salutation, he would perform tayammum for the next. This is weak; the correct view is what the author has stated.

His statement, “Tayammum is invalidated by the expiry of the prayer time,” begins the discussion of