Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (9/405)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

textiles, even if they are in his partner’s possession; and the textiles merchant may sell some of the foodstuffs, even if they are in his partner’s possession. How can he sell something that is not in his own shop, but rather in another shop—or perhaps even in another town?

We say: because the partnership entails that each of them may dispose of the entire combined capital. Once we have entered into the partnership, half of your property belongs to me and half of my property belongs to you. If you dispose of it, you do so by virtue of ownership with respect to your own share and by agency with respect to your partner’s share, even if they have not mixed the two capitals together, as will come, if Allah wills.

His statement, “by virtue of ownership with respect to his own share, and by agency with respect to his partner’s share,” means that if he disposes of his partner’s share and it subsequently becomes clear, for example, that his partner had already sold it, then we say—as we previously mentioned concerning agency—that in such a case the agent’s authority is revoked. This is because the principal has undertaken an act that prevents the agent from carrying out his disposal of it.

For example, one person enters into partnership with another: one of them owns a car dealership, while the other deals in foodstuffs. The food merchant sells a car from the dealership while it is in his partner’s possession, then it becomes clear that his partner had already sold the car. The ruling is that the latter sale is invalid, because his partner’s sale of the car was valid.

If it is said: Do you not maintain that they are partners in both of their properties?

I say: Certainly. However, when the owner of the dealership sold the car, he sold it by virtue of his ownership with respect to his own share and by agency with respect to his partner’s share. The sale was concluded and the contract finalized. When the other partner came and sold it after the first partner’s sale, his sale was invalid, because he was acting as an agent in selling it, but his partner had already disposed of it before he sold it.

الأقمشة ولو كانت عند صاحبه، ويجوز لصاحب الأقمشة أن يبيع شيئاً من الأطعمة ولو كانت عند صاحبه، وكيف يبيع شيئاً ليس في دكانه بل في دكان آخر؛ بل قد يكون في بلد آخر ـ أيضاً ـ؟ نقول: لأن الشركة، تقتضي أن كل واحد يتصرف في المال كله مجموعاً؛ لأننا لما عقدنا الشركة صار نصف مالك لي ونصف مالي لك، إذا تصرفتَ فيه يكون بالملك في نصيبك وبالوكالة في نصيب شريكك، وإن لم يَخْلُطَا المالين، كما سيأتي ـ إن شاء الله ـ. وقوله: «بحكم الملك في نصيبه، وبالوكالة في نصيب شريكه» إذا تصرف في نصيب شريكه وتبين أن شريكه قد باعه مثلاً، فإننا نقول ـ كما ذكرنا فيما سبق في الوكالة ـ: إنه ينعزل الوكيل في مثل هذه الحال؛ لأن الموكل تصرف تصرفاً يمنع الوكيل من أن ينفذ تصرفه فيه. مثاله: إنسان شارك آخر، لأحدهما معرض سيارات، وللآخر أطعمة، فصاحب الأطعمة باع سيارة من المعرض عند صاحبه، ثم تبين أن صاحبه قد باع السيارة، فإن الحكم أنه يبطل بيع الأخير؛ لأن بيع صاحبه للسيارة صحيح. فإن قيل: ألست تقول: إنهم شركاء في ماليهما؟ أقول: بلى؛ لكن لما باع صاحب المعرض السيارة، باعها بحكم ملكه في نصيبه وبالوكالة في نصيب شريكه، وانتهى البيع وتم العقد، ولما جاء الشريك الآخر وباعها بعد بيع الأول لم يصح البيع؛ لأنه وكيل في بيعها، لكن تصرف فيها الشريك قبل أن يبيع هذا.