Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

you do not collect it, then no blame attaches to you; you are safe. Thus, whenever a person is undecided whether to proceed or refrain, the safer course is to refrain.

His statement: “An agent appointed to place something in safekeeping is not liable if he does not bring witnesses.” An agent appointed for this purpose would be, for example, where I appoint you to deposit something with someone and say, “So-and-so, here are ten thousand riyals; take them to so-and-so as a deposit in his custody.” A deposit means that he is to keep it safe. The agent then takes it to that person and hands it over without witnesses.

The author says that the agent is not liable. For suppose that the depositary denies it, saying, “You did not give me anything for safekeeping.” The agent then says to him, “Man, I came to your house and gave you ten thousand riyals, saying: ‘This is a deposit from so-and-so; keep it for him until he returns from his journey.’” Yet he denies it. Is the agent appointed to deposit it with Zayd liable?

The author says: He is not liable, because the depositary’s statement is accepted concerning his return of the deposit. Thus, if someone claims that he entrusted money to another person, and that person says, “I returned it,” is anything required of him?

The answer is: Nothing is required of him, because the basic presumption is that he is free of liability. Therefore, when the agent did not bring witnesses, he was not negligent. For even if he had brought witnesses and the deposit had been established against the depositary, then the latter claimed that he had returned it, saying, “Yes, you deposited ten thousand riyals with me for so-and-so, but I returned it to him,” his statement would be accepted. Thus, having witnesses serves no purpose: whether he brings witnesses or not, the depositary’s statement concerning the return of the deposit is accepted. This is what the author, may Allah have mercy on him, said.

However, his reasoning is open to objection. The correct view is that he is liable, except in two cases:

لم تقبض فليس عليك لوم، فأنت سالم، وعليه فمتى تردد الإنسان في الإمضاء أو التوقف فالسلامة التوقف. قوله: «ولا يضمن وكيل الإيداع إذا لم يُشهد» وكيل الإيداع، مثاله: وكلتك أن تودع شيئاً عند شخص، فقلت: يا فلان هذه عشرة آلاف ريال اذهب بها إلى فلان وديعة عنده، ومعنى وديعة، أي: يكون حافظاً لها، فأخذها الوكيل وذهب بها إلى فلان، وأعطاها إياه بدون شهود. يقول المؤلف: إنه لا يضمن الوكيل؛ لأنه لو فرض أن المُوْدَع أنكر فقال: ما أعطيتني وديعة، فقال له الوكيل: يا رجل جئت إليك في البيت وأعطيتك عشرة آلاف ريال، وقلت: هذه وديعة من فلان، احفظها له حتى يرجع من سفره، فأنكر، فهل يضمن الوكيل في الإيداع؟ أي: الذي وكلته أن يودعها عند زيد؟ يقول المؤلف: لا يضمن؛ لأن المُودَع يقبل قوله في الرد، فلو أن إنساناً ادعى أنه أودع شخصاً مالاً، وقال: رددته، فهل يلزمه شيء؟ الجواب: لا يلزمه؛ لأن الأصل براءة ذمته، فالوكيل لما لم يُشْهِدْ لم يكن مفرِّطاً؛ إذ لو قدر أنه أشهد وثبتت الوديعة عند المودَع، ثم ادعى ردَّها وقال: صحيح أنت أودعتني لفلان عشرة آلاف ريال لكنني رددتها عليه، فإنه يقبل قوله، فيكون إذن الإشهاد لا فائدة منه، سواء أشهد أو لم يشهد، فإن المودَع يقبل قوله في رد الوديعة، هكذا قال المؤلف ﵀. ولكن في كلامه نظر، والصحيح أنه يضمن، إلا في حالين:

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