Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

If it has no dust, tayammum with it is not valid, as in the case of damp soil. Accordingly, if we are in a land upon which a light rain has fallen until the dust has disappeared, we do not perform tayammum on it; rather, we pray without tayammum …

The evidence for this is the saying of Allah, the Exalted: “Then wipe your faces and hands with it” [Quran 5:6]. They say that the preposition min indicates partiality, and this partiality can only be realized when dust adheres to the hand and is used to wipe the face and hands.

The correct view is that this is not a condition. The evidence is as follows:

  1. The generality of Allah’s saying, the Exalted: “Then seek clean earth” [Quran 5:6].

  2. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would travel through sandy lands and lands upon which rain had fallen, yet it has not been reported that he abandoned tayammum.

As for their claim that min indicates partiality, the response is that it does not indicate partiality; rather, it indicates the point of origin, as when you say, “I travelled from Mecca to Medina.” Although this is contrary to the apparent meaning, it accords with the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, for he did not abandon tayammum in such circumstances.

What further clarifies this is that the verse in Surah al-Nisa does not contain the preposition min. Allah, the Exalted, says: “Then seek clean earth and wipe your faces and hands” [Quran 4:43]. The verse in Surah al-Nisa preceded the verse in Surah al-Ma’idah by years.

Furthermore, in the hadith of Ammar, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated by al-Bukhari: when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, struck the ground with his palms, he blew into them (1), and blowing removes dust and traces of soil.

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of Tayammum, chapter: “Should one performing tayammum blow on his hands?” no. 338; this is its wording. Also in the chapter “Tayammum is one strike,” no. 347, where it states that he shook the dust from his palms. Muslim also narrated it in the Book of Menstruation, chapter: “Tayammum,” no. 368, with the wording: “It would have sufficed for you to strike the ground with your hands, then blow on them, then wipe your face and hands with them.”
به. فإِن لم يكن له غبار لم يصحَّ التَّيمُّم به كالتُّراب الرَّطب، وعلى هذا لو كنّا في أرض أصابها رَشُّ مطر حتى ذهب الغُبَار فلا نتيمَّم عليها، بل نصلِّي بلا تيمُّم ......... والدَّليل على ذلك قوله تعالى: ﴿فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٦]، قالوا: «من» للتَّبعيض، ولا تتحقَّق البعضيَّة إِلا بغبار يَعْلق باليد، ويُمْسَح به الوجه واليدان. والصَّحيح: أنه ليس بشرط، والدَّليل على ذلك: ١ - عموم قوله تعالى: ﴿فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا﴾ [المائدة: ٦]. ٢ - أنه ﷺ كان يسافر في الأرض الرمليَّة، والتي أصابها مطر، ولم ينقل عنه ترك التيمُّم. وأما قولهم إِن «من» تبعيضيَّة فالجواب عنه أن «من» ليست تبعيضيَّة بل لابتداء الغاية فهي كقولك: سرت من مكَّة إِلى المدينة، وهذا وإِن كان خلاف الظَّاهر إِلا أنَّه الموافق لِسُنَّة النَّبيِّ ﷺ حيث لم يكن يَدَعْ التيمُّم في مثل هذه الحال. ومما يُبيِّن هذا أن آية «النِّساء»، ليس فيها «من»، قال تعالى: ﴿فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]، وآية «النساء» سبَقت آية «المائدة» بسنوات. وأيضاً: في حديث عمَّار ﵁ الذي رواه البخاري: أن النَّبيَّ ﷺ لما ضَرَبَ بكفَّيهِ الأرض نَفَخَ فيهما (١)، والنَّفْخُ يُزيل الغبار، وأثر التُّراب.
(١) رواه البخاري، كتاب التيمم: باب المتيمم هل ينفخ فيهما، رقم (٣٣٨) وهذا لفظه، وفي باب التيمم ضربة، رقم (٣٤٧) وفيه: أنه نَفَضَ كفَّيه، ومسلم، كتاب الحيض: باب التيمم، رقم (٣٦٨) ولفظه: «إنما كان يكفيك أن تضرب بيديك الأرض، ثم تَنْفُخَ، ثم تمسحَ بهما وجهك وكفَّيك».

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