and which has not been purified of that urine. The evidence is the saying of Allah, the Exalted: “Then seek clean earth” [Quran 5:6]. What is wholesome is the opposite of what is foul, and we know of nothing foul that may describe the earth except that it be impure.

Also excluded is pure soil, such as that which falls from the face or hands after tayammum. Likewise, if you strike the ground, raise dust, and wipe your face, then someone comes and strikes your hands and wipes [his face], it is not valid for him; because the soil on the hands has been used for an obligatory purification, and thus becomes pure but not purifying.

However, if you perform tayammum on the ground, then another person comes and strikes the spot where you struck your hands, this is purifying soil, not merely pure soil. The jurists have explicitly stated this (1). This resembles the case of a group performing ablution from a single pool: the water in the pool remains purifying.

The correct view is that soil has no category called pure but not purifying, as has preceded regarding water (2).

Not burnt; possessing dust …

His statement, “not burnt,” appears in some copies. This is the third condition concerning that with which tayammum is performed. Thus, if it has been burnt, such as pottery and cement, tayammum with it is not permissible.

This is weak. The correct view is that tayammum may be performed with everything on the earth: soil, sand, stone—whether burnt or unburnt—and wet or dry clay.

His statement, “possessing dust,” is the fourth condition concerning that with which tayammum is performed.