Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

and the meaning of sound judgment differs according to the context. Here, sound judgment means financial rectitude and proper management of one’s property. With respect to guardianship in marriage, it means knowing a suitable match and the interests involved in marriage. Thus, sound judgment in every context is understood according to that context.

His statement, “or an incompetent person becomes sound in judgment,” means one who is sane. We say this because the basic rule regarding coordination is that it indicates a distinction between the two things joined. The incompetent person here is someone who is sane and has reached puberty, but does not manage his wealth properly, and then becomes sound in judgment.

His statement, “their legal interdiction is lifted without a judicial ruling,” means without a judge’s ruling. That is, as soon as puberty along with sound judgment, or sanity along with sound judgment, or sound judgment after incompetence is attained, the legal interdiction is lifted, and there is no need to go to a judge. Thus, if an orphan reaches puberty by age, together with sound judgment, in the middle of the day, he may demand from his guardian the property in the guardian’s possession by the end of that day. If the guardian says, “We will not give it to you until we go to the judge and he rules that the legal interdiction has been lifted,” he is not to be obeyed, because legal interdiction ceases when its cause ceases. The principle that continually occurs in our discussions is that a ruling revolves around its effective cause: it exists when the cause exists and ceases when it ceases.

If someone were to ask: What is the difference between this and one placed under legal interdiction because of insolvency? For it was stated there: “His legal interdiction is not lifted except by a judge.”

The answer is that this legal interdiction is established without a judge, and so it is lifted without one. This differs from the legal interdiction imposed upon an insolvent person for the sake of others’ rights: it is not established except by a judge’s ruling, nor is it lifted except by a judge’s ruling.

Some scholars have said that once he distributes and divides his property, the legal interdiction is lifted.

But the position of the school is closer to what is correct: whoever is placed under legal interdiction for the sake of another’s rights must have the interdiction revoked by a judge. As for one placed under legal interdiction for the sake of

ومعنى الرشد في كل موضع بحسبه، وهنا الرشد هو الصلاح في المال وإحسان التصرف فيه، والرشد في ولاية النكاح، هو معرفة الكفء ومصالح النكاح، فالرشد في كل موضع بحسبه. قوله: «أو رشد سفيه» أي: عاقل، وإنما قلنا ذلك؛ لأن الأصل في العطف المغايرة؛ لأن السفيه هنا من كان عاقلاً بالغاً، لكنه لا يحسن التصرف في ماله، ثم رشد. قوله: «زال حجرهم بلا قضاء» أي: بلا قضاء حاكم، أي: بمجرد ما يحصل البلوغ مع الرشد أو العقل مع الرشد أو الرشد بعد السفه، ينفك الحجر عنه ولا حاجة أن نذهب للقاضي، فلو أن يتيماً بلغ بالسن مع رشده في نصف النهار، فله أن يطالب وليه بماله الذي عنده في آخر النهار، ولو قال الولي: لا نعطيك حتى نذهب إلى القاضي، ويحكم بأن الحجر زال فإنه لا يطاع؛ لأن الحجر يزول بزوال سببه، ودائماً يمر علينا الحكم يدور مع علته وجوداً وعدماً. فإن قال قائل: ما الفرق بين هذا وبين من حجر عليه لفلس؟ لأنه قال هناك: «ولا يفك حجره إلا حاكم». الجواب: أن هذا الحجر ثبت بدون القاضي فزال بدونه، بخلاف الحجر على المفلس لحظ غيره فإنه لا يثبت إلا بحكم القاضي، ولا يزول إلا بحكم القاضي. وقال بعض العلماء: إنه إذا وزع ماله وقسم انفك الحجر. لكن المذهب أقرب إلى الصواب، أنه من حجر عليه لحظِّ الغير، فلا بد من حاكم ينقض الحجر، أما من حجر عليه لحظِّ

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