Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (9/285)

His statement, “and he may be required to satisfy it after the restriction is lifted,” means that he may be required to satisfy what he acknowledged after the restriction is lifted. The restriction is lifted once we have given the creditors whatever is found of his property. Thus, when whatever we find of his property has been distributed among the creditors, the restriction comes to an end. He may then be required to satisfy what he acknowledged, as well as whatever has been established as a liability upon him. If we place him under restriction a second time, those in whose favour he made the acknowledgement will join his original creditors.

The rulings that result from the restriction are as follows:

First: His disposal of his property is not valid.

Second: An acknowledgement he makes after the restriction is not valid with respect to his property; however, it is valid as a liability upon him, and he may be required to satisfy it after the restriction is lifted.

His statement, “and the judge sells his property”: this is the third ruling. The judge—that is, the qadi—is not himself meant to undertake its sale by standing in the marketplace and saying, “Who will buy this?” Rather, does he appoint someone to sell it?

The answer is the latter, because the judge, who is the qadi, does not normally stand in the marketplaces saying, “Who will buy this property?” Rather, he instructs someone to sell the property of the person under restriction. This is on the condition that his property is not of the same kind as the debt. If it is of the same kind as the debt, he does not sell it, because there is then no need to sell it. Moreover, selling may harm the person under restriction: an item may be sold for less than its value, and selling requires transport, clearing out, and the broker’s fee, all of which harms the person under restriction.

His statement, “and he distributes its price in proportion to the debts of his creditors,” means that the price of the sold property is distributed in proportion to the creditors’ debts. There is no difference between what was established recently and what was established

قوله: «ويطالب به بعد فك الحجر عنه» أي: بما أقر به بعد فك الحجر، ويفك الحجر إذا أعطينا الغرماء ما وجدوه من ماله، فإذا قسم ما وجدنا من ماله على الغرماء فقد انتهى الحجر، فيطالب بما أقر به ويطالب بما ثبت في ذمته، فإن حجرنا عليه مرة ثانية شارك من أقر لهم غرماءه الأولين، فالأحكام التي تترتب على الحجر هي: الأول: لا ينفذ تصرفه في ماله. الثاني: أن إقراره بعد الحجر لا يصح على ماله، ولكن يصح في ذمته ويطالب به بعد فك الحجر. قوله: «ويبيع الحاكم ماله» هذا هو الحكم الثالث، الحاكم أي: القاضي، وهل المراد أن الحاكم نفسه يتولى بيعه فيقف في السوق ويقول: من يشتري هذا، أو يأمر من يبيع؟ الجواب: الثاني؛ لأن الحاكم عادة ـ الذي هو القاضي ـ لا يقف في الأسواق يقول: من يشتري هذا المال؟ لكن يأمر من يبيع ماله، أي: مال المحجور عليه، لكن بشرط ألا يكون ماله من جنس الدين، فإن كان من جنس الدين فإنه لا يبيعه؛ لأنه لا حاجة للبيع حينئذٍ، ولأن البيع قد يضر هذا المحجور عليه، فربما يباع الشيء بأقل من قيمته، والبيع يحتاج إلى نقل وتفريغ وأجرة دلاَّل، وهذا ضرر على المحجور عليه. قوله: «ويقسِّم ثمنه بقدر ديون غرمائه» أي: ثمن المبيع يقسم بقدر ديون الغرماء، ولا فرق بين ما ثبت قريباً وما ثبت