Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (9/276)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

removed, and there is no way for us to remove it in this case except by placing him under legal interdiction. For if someone were to say, “Imprison him,” as in the second category, we would reply: Even if we imprisoned him, there would be no benefit in it, because the property he possesses is insufficient—unlike the second category, in which the property is sufficient. Here, however, imprisonment is unnecessary. Since wrongdoing must be removed, legal interdiction is therefore obligatory.

Legal interdiction means preventing him from disposing of his property, not restricting his legal liability itself. Thus, he may not engage in buying, selling, gifting, endowing property, pledging collateral, or any similar transaction. If he owns a shop, we close the shop so that he cannot conduct any transactions through it. If he owns agricultural land, we prevent him from disposing of its produce. In short, we prevent him from disposing of the tangible assets of his property, in order to safeguard his liability and the rights of his creditors.

His statement, “It is recommended to publicize it,” means that the legal interdiction should be announced through public means: “So-and-so has been placed under legal interdiction.” This serves two purposes:

First, so that those to whom this man owes debts become known; for once it becomes widely known that he has been placed under legal interdiction, his creditors will come forward.

Second, so that people are not deceived into dealing with him after the legal interdiction. It is known that transactions with him after he has been placed under legal interdiction are invalid. That is, if someone purchases something from him after the legal interdiction, the purchase is neither valid nor enforceable. People should therefore be informed, lest they be deceived by dealing with him. If they are unaware, they may be deceived and transact with him. Thus, it is recommended to publicize it because of the benefit it brings to the person under legal interdiction, to the creditors, and to other people.

His statement, “His disposition of his property is not enforceable after the legal interdiction,” means that once we have placed him under legal interdiction, his disposition of his property is not enforceable—whether through selling, buying, or leasing.

رفعه، ولا سبيل لنا إلى رفعه في هذه الحال إلا بالحجر عليه؛ لأنه لو قال قائل: احبسوه، كما في القسم الثاني، قلنا: ولو حبسناه ليس فيه فائدة؛ لأن المال الذي عنده لا يفي بخلاف القسم الثاني فالمال يفي، أما هنا فلا حاجة، والظلم تجب إزالته، فلهذا وجب الحجر. ومعنى الحجر أن نمنعه من التصرف في ماله، لا في ذمته، فلا يتصرف ببيع ولا شراء ولا هبة ولا وقف ولا رهن، ولا غير ذلك، فإذا كان صاحب متجر أغلقنا المتجر بحيث لا يتصرف فيه بشيء، ولو صاحب زراعة، منعناه من التصرف في زراعته، المهم أن نمنعه من التصرف في أعيان ماله، حفظاً لذمته ولحق الغرماء. قوله: «ويستحب إظهاره» أي: إظهار الحجر بوسائل الإعلام، فلان محجور عليه؛ وذلك لفائدتين: الأولى: ليظهر من له دين عند هذا الرجل؛ لأنه إذا اشتهر أنه حجر عليه فأهل الدين سيأتون. الثانية: لئلا يغتر الناس فيعاملوه بعد الحجر، ومعلوم أن معاملته بعد الحجر باطلة، يعني لو أن أحداً اشترى منه شيئاً بعد الحجر، فإن الشراء لا يصح ولا ينفذ، فيعلم الناس حتى لا يغتروا بمعاملته؛ لأنه إذا لم يعلم فإنه ربما يغتر الناس ويعاملونه، فيستحب إظهاره لما فيه من الفائدة للمحجور عليه، وللغرماء ولغيرهم من الناس. قوله: «ولا ينفذ تصرفه في ماله بعد الحجر» يعني بعد أن نحجر عليه لا ينفذ تصرفه في ماله، لا ببيع ولا شراء ولا تأجير