Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (9/261)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

The second meaning is: “Why do I see you turning away from it?” That is, you prevent the timber from being placed. “By Allah, I shall surely cast it”—that is, the timber—“between your shoulders.” In other words, if I found nothing upon which to place it except your shoulders, I would place it upon your shoulders. This was because he was the governor.

This is like the statement of Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, to Muhammad ibn Maslamah: “By Allah, I will make it flow, even over your belly.” (1) The case was that a man had two properties, with his neighbour’s property lying between them. He wished to run water from one of his properties to the other, passing through his neighbour’s land. But his neighbour prevented him, saying, “You cannot run water across my land.” Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, compelled him to allow it—that is, to let the water run across his land—because there was no valid benefit in preventing it. The owner of the land would benefit by cultivating and planting along this watercourse as it passed through, and the neighbour would benefit as well. However, if we assume that the neighbour who prevented the water from passing wished to build a house upon the land, then he would have the right to do so. But since it was an orchard, the flow of water would benefit it.

If the owner of the wall were to say, “Do not place the timber until you pay me half its rental value,” the neighbour would not be obliged to pay it, because the wall belongs to the one who built it. If this neighbour agrees to become his partner in the wall and purchase a share from him, he may do so; but if he does not agree, he cannot be compelled. Accordingly, the practice commonly known among people as mubanah is not lawful for the neighbour. Some people, when they build their house and then their neighbour builds beside them, say to him, “Give me half the cost of the wall.” This is unlawful for him, because he built the wall on the understanding that it belonged to him. What, then, makes it lawful for him

(1) Narrated by Malik in al-Muwatta (2/746); al-Hafiz judged its chain of transmission authentic in al-Fath, under hadith no. 2463.

المعنى الثاني: «ما لي أراكم عنها معرضين»، أي: تمنعون من وضع الخشب، «والله لأرمين بها ـ أي بالخشب ـ بين أكتافكم»، يعني لو لم أجد ما أضعها عليه إلا أكتافكم لوضعتها على أكتافكم؛ لأنه كان أميراً، وهذا كقول عمر بن الخطاب ﵁ لمحمد بن مسلمة: «والله لأجرينه ولو على بطنك» (١)؛ وذلك أن له مُلْكَين وبينهما ملك لجاره، فأراد أن يجري الماء من ملكه إلى ملكه الثاني مارّاً بملك جاره، فمنعه جاره وقال: لا يمكن أن تجري الماء على أرضي، فألزمه عمر ﵁ بذلك، أي: بأن يجري الماء على أرضه؛ لأنه لم تكن هناك مصلحة من المنع، فصاحب الأرض ينتفع فيزرع ويغرس على هذا الساقي الذي يمشي، والجار ـ أيضاً ـ ينتفع، لكن لو فرض أن الجار الذي منع من جريان الماء يريد أن يقيم عليها بيتاً فحينئذٍ له الحق، أما وهي بستان فجريان الماء ينفعها. ولو قال صاحب الجدار: لا تضع الخشب حتى تسلم نصف قيمة الإيجار، فإنه لا يلزمه أن يسلمه؛ لأن الجدار ملك لبانيه، وهذا الجار إن رضي أن يكون شريكاً له في هذا الجدار ويشتريه منه فله، وإن لم يرض فإنه لا يجبر، وبناء على ذلك فإن ما يعرف عند الناس بالمباناة لا تحل للجار، فبعض الناس إذا بنى بيته وجاء جاره وبنى قال له: أعطني نصف تكاليف الجدار، فهذا حرام عليه؛ لأنه إنما بنى الجدار على أنه ملكه، فما الذي

(١) أخرجه مالك في «الموطأ» (٢/ ٧٤٦)؛ وصحح إسناده الحافظ في «الفتح» تحت الحديث (٢٤٦٣).