and the oath is upon the one who denies it.” (1) The pledgor and the pledgee agree that the first house is pledged, but they differ regarding the second: the pledgee says that it is pledged, while the pledgor says that it is not. Thus, with regard to the second house, one party is a claimant and the other a denier; the claimant must produce evidence, and the one who denies must swear an oath.
The apparent meaning of the author’s words is that there is no distinction between whether customary practice supports one of the two parties or not. For example, if he lent him one hundred thousand, then the pledgee claims that he pledged both the first and second houses, neither of which alone is worth one hundred thousand, while the pledgor claims that he pledged only the first house, then the view closer to what is correct is that the pledgee’s statement should be accepted. This is because the two houses together are worth sixty thousand, so it is more plausible that he would pledge both houses than that he would pledge only one worth thirty thousand. Accordingly, we say that the second view in this matter is that the statement of the party supported by customary practice is accepted. If circumstantial evidence indicates that one of them is truthful, then his statement deserves greater acceptance. The established school of law, however, applies the rule consistently: the claimant must produce evidence, and the one who denies must swear an oath.
His words: “And its return.” That is, the pledgor’s statement concerning the return of the pledge is accepted. This means that if the pledgee claims that he returned the pledged property to the pledgor, while the pledgor says, “You did not return it,” then the pledgor’s statement is accepted, because the underlying presumption is that it was not returned. Moreover, we agree that it was in your possession, but differ as to whether it passed out of your possession; and the underlying presumption is that what was remains as it was. The pledged property is presently in the pledgee’s possession.
If someone were to say: “Do you not hold that if the depositary claims to have returned—