Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (9/144)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

then it becomes fat, its flesh increases, and its body grows larger. There is no doubt that this increase is included in the pledge. Were we to say that it is not included, the pledgor could say to the pledgee: “You are entitled only to its value when it was lean.” Rather, the matter is as the author states: connected growth is attached to the pledge, without any issue, and separate growth is likewise attached to it.

For example, if he pledges a sheep, then after it has been pledged the sheep becomes pregnant and gives birth, and its offspring themselves have offspring, then both its offspring and the offspring of its offspring follow the pledge, because they are its growth. The same applies if he pledges date palms and the palms grow and become larger: the growth follows the original property. Likewise, if the date palms bear fruit after being pledged, their fruit becomes pledged property, because it is their growth.

His statement, “Its earnings”: that is, whatever the pledged item earns. For example, if the pledged item is a slave who engages in trade—meaning that he pledges a slave, and the slave trades and earns—then the slave’s earnings are pledged along with the original property. Likewise, if the pledgor permits the pledgee to lease out the pledged house and he leases it, its rental income becomes pledged property, because what is subsidiary follows what is primary.

His statement, “and the compensation for injury done to it is attached to it”: likewise, the compensation received for an injury done to the pledged item follows the pledge. For example, if someone pledges a sheep with another person, and then someone assaults it, breaks its leg, and diminishes its value, the pledgor, who owns the sheep, will take compensation for the loss from the aggressor who injured it. This compensation that he receives from the offender becomes pledged property. Similarly, if the pledged item is a slave and someone assaults him, destroying one of his limbs, the compensation for that limb becomes pledged property.

Thus, the growth, earnings, and compensation for injury are all attached to the pledge; that is, everything that branches off from the pledged item is attached to it.

ثم سمنت، وزاد لحمها، وكبر جسمها، فهذه الزيادة لا شك أنها تدخل في الرهن، ولو قلنا: إنها لا تدخل لقال الراهن للمرتهن: ليس لك إلا قيمته هزيلاً، ولكن الأمر كما قال المؤلف، فالزيادة المتصلة تلحق ولا إشكال، والزيادة المنفصلة ـ أيضاً ـ تلحق. مثاله: رهنه شاة، فحملت الشاة بعد الرهن وولدت، وأولادها ولدوا، فالأولاد منها ومن أولادها يتبعون الرهن؛ لأنها نماؤه، وكذلك يقال فيما لو رهنه نخلاً فنما النخل وكبر، فإن النماء يتبع الأصل، وكذلك لو أثمر النخل بعد أن رُهِن فإن ثمرته تكون رهناً؛ لأنها نماء له. وقوله: «وكسبه» أي: ما اكتسبه الرهن، كعبد اتجر، يعني رهن عبداً واتجر العبد، وكسب، فَكَسْبُ العبد رهن تبعاً لأصله، وكذلك لو أذن الراهن للمرتهن أن يؤجر البيت المرهون، وأجَّره فأجرته تكون رهناً؛ لأن الفرع يتبع الأصل. وقوله: «وأرش الجناية عليه ملحق به» ـ أيضاً ـ أرش الجناية عليه، أي: ما يؤخذ بسبب الجناية على الرهن، يتبع الرهن، مثال هذا: رهن شاة عند إنسان ثم إن أحداً من الناس اعتدى عليها، وكسر رجلها، ونقصت قيمتها، فإن الراهن صاحب الشاة سوف يأخذ النقص من المعتدي الذي جنى، فهذا النقص الذي أخذه من الجاني يكون رهناً، وهكذا ـ أيضاً ـ لو كان عبداً رهنه، ثم جنى عليه إنسان، فأتلف منه عضواً، فإن دية هذا العضو تكون رهناً. فصار النماء والكسب وأرش الجناية يُلحق بالرهن، أي: جميع ما يتفرع من الرهن يُلحق به.