with you for wheat, saying: “Here are one hundred riyals for one hundred sāʿs of wheat, which you will deliver to me after one year,” that would not be sufficient, because you have not stated the genus. Rather, you must say: “I enter into a salam contract with you, giving one hundred riyals for one hundred sāʿs of wheat grain.” Grain is the genus, and wheat is the type; so you must state it in this manner. If you say, “for one hundred sāʿs of wheat,” it is invalid. This is the view adopted by the author, but it is a weak opinion.
The correct view is that stating the genus is not a condition, because stating the type is sufficient. Whoever states the type has in fact stated the genus, for the type is more specific, and what is more specific falls within what is more general. Thus, there is no need to mention the more general category. This is the preponderant view; indeed, it is the apparent position of the madhhab, because the author of al-Muntahā—upon which later scholars of Imam Ahmad’s madhhab principally rely—did not require stating the genus.
Accordingly, if you say, “I enter into a salam contract with you, giving one hundred riyals for one hundred sāʿs of wheat,” there is nothing wrong with that. However, this wheat requires specification of a more particular type, because wheat in reality has varieties, just as dates have varieties. Thus, we specify the variety, saying: ḥinṭah wheat, maʿiyyah wheat, or luqaymiyyah wheat, as these varieties are known in al-Qasim.
Based on this, we say: must one mention the highest genus, then the intermediate genus, and then the type? Or is it sufficient to mention the intermediate genus?
The answer is the latter. Therefore, there is no need to say “grain,” since that is the highest genus. So if he says, “I enter into a salam contract with you, giving one hundred riyals for one hundred sāʿs of ḥinṭah wheat,” that is sufficient according to the view we have deemed preponderant.
From this we learn that a genus may be a type in relation to what is above it. In the example we mentioned, grain is the highest genus, wheat is the lower genus, and ḥinṭah is a type,