Sufficiency means that the obligation is discharged by performing the act. Thus, when it is said, “His prayer suffices him,” it means that he is no longer required to perform it because he has done so. The same applies to the rest of the acts of worship.

If someone prays while in a state of ritual impurity, having forgotten this, then remembers after the prayer, his prayer does not suffice him, because he is still required to perform it; his action did not discharge the obligation.

“That he intends, mentions the name of Allah, and washes his entire body once . . .”

His statement, “that he intends and mentions the name of Allah”: the discussion of intention (1) and mentioning the name of Allah (2) has preceded.

His statement, “and washes his entire body once”: he did not mention rinsing the mouth and rinsing the nose, because there is a difference of opinion regarding whether they are obligatory in ghusl. Some scholars hold that ghusl is not valid without them, just as wudu is not valid without them (3).

Others say that it is valid without them (4) . . .

The correct view is the first one, because Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Purify yourselves.” [al-Ma’idah 5:6] This includes the entire body, and the inside of the nose and mouth are part of the body that must be purified. This is why the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, commanded both of them in wudu, since they fall under Allah’s statement: “Wash your faces.” [al-Ma’idah 5:6] Therefore, if they are included in washing the face—which must be purified in wudu—then they are likewise included in ghusl, for purification in ghusl is more emphatically required.

His statement, “and washes his entire body,” includes even what lies beneath thick hair. Thus, what is beneath it must be washed, unlike in wudu, where washing what lies beneath it is not obligatory.