Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

The answer: Yes, it is permissible, because its ripeness has become evident. But if the single fruit whose ripeness had become evident is removed, is the sale permissible after its removal?

The answer: It is permissible. Likewise, if the fruit that had changed colour is removed after the sale, this is permissible. That is, if there was only one fruit whose ripeness had become evident, then it was removed and the palm was subsequently sold, the apparent ruling is that this is permissible, because its ripeness had become evident, and it therefore falls under the hadith.

Issue: If the ripeness of one date palm becomes evident and it is sold, may its neighbouring palm of the same variety, whose ripeness has not become evident, also be sold?

The answer: If he sells this palm, whose ripeness has become evident, to a particular person, then sells its neighbouring palm to him or to someone else in another separate contract, this is not permissible, because in this case there are two contracts. However, if he sells both palms together, and they are of one variety, the sale is valid.

If the other palm is of a different variety, the sale is invalid. For example, if there are Sukkari date palms beside Barhi date palms, and he sells a Sukkari palm whose ripeness has become evident along with a Barhi palm whose ripeness has not become evident, this is not permissible, because they are two different varieties. But if he sells, in one transaction, a Sukkari palm whose ripeness has become evident along with another Sukkari palm whose ripeness has not become evident, this is permissible, because they are one variety, as though they were a single palm.

Some scholars held that once ripeness becomes evident in a single palm within an orchard, it is permissible to sell all of it, whether as a whole or separately, because the ripeness of these palms has now become evident.

Others extended this further and held that once the ripeness of the fruit in a village becomes evident, it is permissible to sell all the date palms in it.

الجواب: نعم يجوز؛ لأنه بدا الصلاح، فإن أخذ الحبة التي بدا صلاحها فهل يجوز البيع بعد أخذها؟ الجواب: يجوز، وكذلك لو أخذ الملونة بعد البيع فهذا يجوز، يعني لو أنه كان فيها حبة واحدة بدا صلاحها، ثم إنها أخذت وبيعت بعد ذلك فالظاهر الجواز؛ لأنه بدا صلاحها، فتدخل في الحديث. مسألة: إذا بدا صلاح النخلة فبيعت. فهل تباع جارتها التي لم يبد صلاحها من نوعها؟ الجواب: إن باع هذه النخلة التي بدا صلاحها على فلان، ثم باع جارتها عليه أو على غيره بعقد آخر جديد فهذا لا يجوز؛ لأن العقد عقدان في هذه الصورة، أما لو باعهما جميعاً وهما من نوع واحد فالبيع صحيح. وإذا كانت من نوع آخر فالبيع غير صحيح، فمثلاً عندنا نخل سكري وإلى جانبه برحي، فباع سكرية بدا صلاحها وبرحية لم يبد صلاحها فهذا لا يجوز؛ لأنهما نوعان مختلفان، فإذا باع سكرية بدا صلاحها وسكرية أخرى لم يبدُ صلاحها صفقة واحدة فهذا يجوز؛ لأنهما من نوع واحد فكأنهما نخلة واحدة. وقال بعض أهل العلم: إذا بدا الصلاح في البستان في نخلة واحدة منه جاز بيع جميعه، سواء كان جملة أم تفريداً؛ لأن هذا النخل الآن بدا صلاحه. وتوسَّع آخرون فقالوا: إذا بدا صلاح ثمرة القرية جاز بيع جميع النخل فيها.

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