Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

they left it, and did not pollinate the palms. As a result, the palms were spoiled. Afterwards, he ﷺ said: “You are more knowledgeable concerning the affairs of your worldly life.” (1) He thus left them to pollinate the palms. What he meant by, “You are more knowledgeable concerning the affairs of your worldly life,” was not the religious rulings related to them, but rather their management and practical handling. We are more knowledgeable about worldly matters in terms of craftsmanship and industry; as for their rulings, they belong to Allah and His Messenger ﷺ.

Therefore, whoever claims that Islam does not regulate commercial transactions, citing this hadith as evidence, is gravely mistaken. The religion of Islam regulates everything. Did not the Messenger ﷺ forbid selling fruits before their soundness becomes evident? (2) Was it not he who said: “Whoever sells date palms after they have been pollinated, their fruit belongs to the one who sold them”? (3) These are religious rulings. But the question of whether to pollinate or not pollinate falls within the sphere of practical expertise. This depends on experience, and people who have experience know more than those who do not.

The author made the ruling dependent upon the splitting open of the spathe. Thus, whenever a seller sells date palms whose spathes have split open, the fruit belongs to him, whether he has pollinated them or not.

However, in the hadith the Messenger ﷺ said: “Whoever sells date palms after they have been pollinated.” Therefore, it is not valid to cite this hadith as evidence for the ruling given by the author, may Allah have mercy on him. The correct view is that the ruling is dependent upon pollination, for the following reasons:

(1) Reported by Muslim in al-Fada'il (Virtues), under the chapter “The obligation of complying, as a matter of law, with what the Messenger said...” (2363), on the authority of Aishah, Thabit, and Anas, may Allah be pleased with them. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Zakah, under the chapter “Whoever sells his fruit, palm trees, or land...” (1486), and by Muslim in al-Buyu' (Sales), under the chapter “The prohibition of selling fruits before their soundness becomes apparent...” (1534), on the authority of Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him and his father. (3) Its source has been cited previously on p. 13.
تركوه، فلم يؤبروا النخل فصارت النتيجة أن النخل فسد، ثم قال ﷺ بعد ذلك: «أنتم أعلم بأمور دنياكم» (١)، وتركهم يؤبرون، ومراده أنتم أعلم بأمور دنياكم ليس بالأحكام الشرعية فيها، ولكن بتصريفها والتصرف فيها، فنحن أعلم بالدنيا من حيث الصناعة، أما من جهة الأحكام فهي إلى الله ورسوله ﷺ، ولهذا أخطأ من قال: إن الدين الإسلامي لا ينظم المعاملات، واستدل بهذا الحديث، فنقول: هذا خطأ عظيم، فالدين الإسلامي ينظم كل شيء؛ أليس الرسول ﷺ نهى أن تباع الثمار قبل بدو صلاحها (٢)؟! أليس هو الذي قال: «من باع نخلاً بعد أن تؤبر فثمرتها للذي باعها» (٣)؟! فهذه أحكام شرعية، لكن مسألة التأبير وعدم التأبير هذا داخل في الصناعة. وهذا يرجع إلى التجارب، والناس يعرفون إذا كانوا مجربين أكثر ممن لم يكن مجرباً، فالمؤلف علق الحكم بالتشقق، فمتى باع البائع نخلاً متشققاً طلعه، فالطلع له، سواء أبّره أم لم يُؤبّره. لكن الحديث قال فيه الرسول ﷺ: «من باع نخلاً بعد أن تؤبر»، فلا يصح الاستدلال بهذا الحديث على ما حكم به المؤلف ﵀ والصواب أن الحكم معلق بالتأبير لما يلي:
(١) أخرجه مسلم في الفضائل/ باب وجوب امتثال ما قاله الرسول ﷺ شرعاً … (٢٣٦٣) عن عائشة وثابت وأنس ﵃. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الزكاة/ باب من باع ثماره أو نخله أو أرضه … (١٤٨٦)، ومسلم في البيوع/ باب النهي عن بيع الثمار قبل أن يبدو صلاحها … (١٥٣٤) عن عبد الله بن عمر ﵄. (٣) سبق تخريجه ص (١٣).

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