to sale have likewise already been mentioned. Rather, the purpose is to explain what is included in a sale and what is not included.

“If he sells a house, the sale includes its land, its structure, its roof, any installed door, any nailed ladder and shelf, and any buried storage jar, ...”

His statement, “If he sells a house”: thus, he says, “I sell you this house for such-and-such an amount.” The price must, as is evident, be known; and the house must belong to the seller, or he must have legal authority over it or be acting as an agent. What matters here, however, is this: when he sells a house, what is included in the sale of the house? He says:

“Its land is included”: this extends down to the seventh earth. It also includes its airspace up to the lowest heaven. As for what lies beyond the lowest heaven, he does not own it, because the lowest heaven is a roof and is not owned.

His statement, “its structure”: likewise, its structure is included—that is, whatever has been built on it, such as stonework, walls, and the like.

His statement, “its roof”: because it is attached to what has been built upon it.

His statement, “any installed door”: this also includes an installed—that is, fitted—door. If someone sells a house and then wishes to take its doors, we say: No, because the door is included in the house. This applies when it is installed, whether nailed in place or built into it. In short, it applies when it is installed. But if it is not installed—for example, if this door is placed over the entrance of a room and is carried about, so that he takes it in his hands when he wishes to enter, and after entering the room, if he wishes to close it, he returns it to its place—then the door here is not installed. According to the author’s view, it is not included; thus, the seller may take it, because it is not installed. If the seller wished for this to be deemed an appurtenance