Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (8/399)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

gold and silver. Thus, it is prohibited to exchange any commodity sold by volume or weight for the same type.

His statement, “Ribā al-faḍl (surplus ribā),” means the ribā of excess in every commodity sold by volume when exchanged for the same type: wheat for wheat—ribā al-faḍl is prohibited in both; barley for barley—it is prohibited; dates for dates—it is prohibited; salt for salt—it is prohibited; gold for gold—it is prohibited; silver for silver—it is prohibited; and iron for iron—it is prohibited according to the author’s view, because it is sold by weight.

His statement, “in every commodity sold by volume or weight when exchanged for the same type”: wheat for barley is not prohibited, because the author restricted it by saying, “for the same type,” and barley is not of the same type as wheat.

Everything in which ribā al-faḍl is prohibited also prohibits ribā al-nasīʾah (deferred ribā), though not the reverse. This is why the author did not say, “ribā al-faḍl and ribā al-nasīʾah,” for it is understood that whenever ribā al-faḍl is prohibited, ribā al-nasīʾah is likewise prohibited.

His statement, “Immediate settlement is required,” means that, in the exchange of a commodity sold by volume or weight for the same type, immediate settlement and taking possession are required. That is, the sale must be immediate and possession must be taken. Thus, if he sells gold for gold on deferred terms, this is prohibited, because immediate settlement is required. It is required in order to prevent ribā al-nasīʾah from entering into the transaction.

His statement, “and taking possession”: If someone were to ask, “Does not taking possession make immediate settlement unnecessary?” That is, if he were to say, “Taking possession is stipulated,” as stated in the hadith, “hand to hand” (1), then in reality it does make it unnecessary. However, there may be a case in which possession occurs without immediate settlement, such as when one sells another gold for gold, deferred for one month, and says, “Take this from me as a deposit, and when the month arrives, take possession of it.” This is possible: possession has occurred, but immediate settlement has not,

(1) Its source has previously been cited on p. 207.

الذهب والفضة، فيحرم في كل مكيل وموزون بيع بجنسه. وقوله: «ربا الفضل» أي: ربا الزيادة في كل مكيل بيع بجنسه بر ببر يحرم فيهما ربا الفضل، شعير بشعير يحرم، تمر بتمر يحرم، ملح بملح يحرم، ذهب بذهب يحرم، فضة بفضة يحرم، حديد بحديد يحرم على كلام المؤلف؛ لأنه موزون. وقوله: «في كل مكيل وموزون بيع بجنسه» فبر بشعير لا يحرم؛ لأن المؤلف قيده فقال: «بجنسه»، والشعير ليس جنساً للبر. وكل شيء حرم فيه ربا الفضل فإنه يحرم فيه ربا النسيئة، لا العكس، ولهذا لم يقل المؤلف في «ربا الفضل والنسيئة»؛ لأن هذا معلوم أنه متى حرم ربا الفضل حرم ربا النسيئة. قوله: «ويجب فيه الحلول» أي: في مكيل أو موزون بيع بجنسه «الحلول والقبض» يعني أن يكون البيع حالًّا، وأن يقبض، فلو باع ذهباً بذهب مؤجلاً فهذا يحرم؛ لأنه يجب فيه الحلول، وإنما وجب فيه الحلول؛ لئلا يَدْخُلَهُ ربا النسيئة. قوله: «والقبض» إذا قال قائل: أليس القبض يغني عن الحلول؟ يعني لو قال: يشترط فيه القبض، كما جاء في الحديث لقوله: «يداً بيد» (١)، في الواقع أنه يغني، لكن قد تأتي صورة يكون فيها القبض، ولا يكون فيها الحلول، مثل: أن يبيع عليه ذهباً بذهب مؤجلاً لشهر، ويقول: خذ هذا عندك وديعة، وإذا جاء الشهر فاقبضه، فهذا يمكن، ففيه قبض وليس فيه الحلول،

(١) سبق تخريجه ص (٢٠٧).