Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (8/368)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

and he was riding it before taking possession of it from Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. This was a disposal by way of an uncompensated gift. Hence the hadith states: “He must not sell it until he takes possession of it.” (1) It is well known that a sale is an exchange for consideration. Since the Prophet ﷺ mentioned sale alone, this indicates that whatever resembles it—such as rent and a compensatory gift, meaning a gift given in return for compensation—comes under the same ruling. But whatever does not share the same effective cause and is not intended as an exchange for consideration, but is intended for the sake of Allah in the case of charity, or to express affection and goodwill in the case of a present or gift, does not share the same ruling. Drawing an analogy between gifts and presents, on the one hand, and sale, on the other, is an analogy with a relevant distinction.

His statement, “His disposal of it is not valid until he takes possession of it,” is the third ruling. The apparent meaning of his words applies even when the disposal is made with the seller—that is, even if it is made with the seller himself.

For example: I purchased one hundred sāʿ of goods from this man, and they are presently in my possession. I then sell them back to him for their original price or for more. Is this valid?

The apparent meaning of the author’s words is that it is not valid; thus, disposal is not valid even when made with the seller. (3)

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him, held that disposal with the seller is valid, and that the Prophet’s statement, “He must not sell it until he takes possession of it,”

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Buyu' (Sales), chapter: “If one buys something and immediately gives it away as a gift” (2115), on the authority of Ibn Umar. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Buyu' (Sales), chapter: “Selling food before taking possession of it” (2135); and by Muslim in al-Buyu' (Sales), chapter: “The invalidity of selling purchased goods before taking possession” (1525, no. 30). The wording is Muslim's, on the authority of Ibn Abbas: the Prophet said, “Whoever buys food should not sell it until he has taken possession of it.” Ibn Abbas said, “I consider everything to be analogous to food.” (3) This is the established school position.

وكان راكبها قبل أن يقبضها من عمر (١) ﵁، فهذا تصرف بهبة بغير معاوضة، ولهذا جاء في الحديث: «فلا يبعه حتى يقبضه» (٢)، ومعلوم أن البيع معاوضة، وإذا كان النبي ﵊ ذكر البيع وحده، فهو دليل على أن ما شابهه كالأجرة، وهبة الثواب ـ يعني الهبة على عوض ـ فهي مثله، أما ما لم يوافقه في العلة ولم يقصد به المعاوضة، وإنما قصد به وجه الله إن كان صدقة، أو التودد والتحبب إن كان هدية وهبة، فإنه لا يساويه في الحكم، وقياس الهبة والهدية على البيع قياس مع الفارق. وقوله: «ولم يصح تصرفه فيه حتى يقبضه» هذا هو الحكم الثالث. وظاهر كلامه ولو مع البائع يعني، ولو كان مع البائع. مثاله: اشتريت مائة صاع من هذا الرجل، وهي عندي الآن بيدي، ثم بعتها عليه بثمنها أو أكثر فهل يصح؟ ظاهر كلام المؤلف أنه لا يصح، فلا يصح التصرف حتى مع البائع (٣). واختار شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية ﵀ أنه يصح تصرفه مع البائع، وأن قول الرسول ﷺ: «فلا يبعه حتى يقبضه»،

(١) أخرجه البخاري في البيوع/ باب إذا اشترى شيئاً فوهب من ساعته (٢١١٥) عن ابن عمر ﵄. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في البيوع/ باب بيع الطعام قبل أن يقبض (٢١٣٥)؛ ومسلم في البيوع/ باب بطلان بيع المبيع قبل القبض (١٥٢٥) (٣٠) واللفظ لمسلم، عن ابن عباس ﵄ ولفظه أن النبي ﷺ قال: «من ابتاع طعاماً فلا يبعه حتى يقبضه»، قال ابن عباس: «وأحسب كل شيء بمنزلة الطعام». (٣) وهذا هو المذهب.