His statement, “or the loss of a limb,” means: such as the loss of a limb. For example, if one of its fingers is found severed, this is the loss of a limb. The apparent meaning of his words—may Allah have mercy on him—is that this includes castration. Thus, if he bought it on the assumption that it was an intact male, only to find that it was castrated, the apparent meaning of the author’s words is that this is a defect, because it involves the loss of an organ—even if its value has increased, since its value may indeed increase.
With regard to slaves, it is apparent that a castrated male is more desirable to people than an intact male, because he poses less temptation and evil. As for livestock, the castrated male may be more valuable than the intact male, or the intact male may be more valuable than the castrated one. A person may buy this male sheep as an intact male in order to use it for breeding with ewes; if it turns out to be castrated, it will be of no use for that purpose, and its value will decrease. Or he may buy it for meat as an intact male, only to find that it is castrated. Yet, for eating, a castrated animal is more desirable to people than an intact male, because its meat is better and it is more valuable. In any case, the correct view is that castration is not a defect in every case, nor is it invariably a condition of soundness. Rather, it depends on the purposes of the buyers: if they intended an intact male and it turns out to be castrated, then it is a defect; but if the matter is the reverse, then it is not a defect.
If the purchaser of a slave says, “I want him to be an intact male, perhaps one day he will marry and have children,” we say: if he marries and has children, what benefit would that bring you? If he marries a free woman, her children are free; and if he marries a slave woman, her children belong to her master, so you will gain nothing from that. If he says, “Perhaps I will free him, and then he will marry and have children,” it is said: if he marries and has children after being freed, there is no benefit in that for you. There is no doubt that castration in slaves raises their value, and this is well known.