the two prices is due partly to the change in its condition and partly to deferred payment. It is therefore forbidden, because this is the issue of ʿīnah, and thus this qualification is necessary.

Another example: he sells the car for twenty thousand payable in one year, then, after three months have elapsed, buys it back for eighteen thousand. The car has meanwhile changed: it has acquired dents and has been driven a greater distance. We say: if the reduction of two thousand corresponds to the depreciation resulting from its changed condition, then this is permissible. But if the depreciation is less than that, and the reduction is due to payment in cash, then this is not permissible.

His statement, “or from someone other than its purchaser,” means: if he buys it back for less from someone other than the person who purchased it. For example, if he sells an item for a deferred price, then the one who bought it sells it to another person, after which the original seller buys it from that other person for a lower cash price, this is permissible, because the concern of usury is remote here, as the transaction is now with a third party.

Another example: I sell this car for one hundred thousand payable in one year. Its owner then sells it to someone else for whatever amount he wishes, whether little or much, or gives it to him as a gift. I then buy it from the second person for eighty thousand in cash. This is permissible, because the transaction is with a third party, not with the party to whom I sold the car. Thus, the concern of usury is remote, and the transaction is valid.

A third example: I sell this car for one hundred thousand payable in one year. The purchaser then dies, and the car passes to his heir, so I buy it from his heir for eighty thousand in cash. This is permissible, because I bought it from someone other than its purchaser, and the concern of usury is remote.

His statement, “or his father buys it,” means the father of the seller. For example, Zayd sells