the Rightly Guided Caliphs, that he was an innovator?! Or of the Companions who lived in his time, that they approved of innovation?! Who are you, you mere boy? Who are you, you inexperienced one? Know your own worth, so that you may know the worth of others. We ask Allah for safety and well-being.

Thus, if buying and selling takes place after the first call to prayer for Friday, there is nothing wrong with it, because no prohibition applies to it.

His statement, “after its second call,” also includes the case of two men who come to the mosque after the call to prayer and buy and sell from one another while walking to the mosque. Their sale is invalid, since it took place after the call to prayer, even if it was before the sermon, due to Allah’s saying:

“O you who believe, when the call to prayer is made on Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave off trade.” [al-Jumu‘ah: 9]

Regarding his statement, “the sale is invalid,” if someone asks, “What is the evidence that it is invalid?”

We say: The evidence is Allah’s prohibition, for His saying, “leave off trade” [al-Jumu‘ah: 9], means: Do not engage in trade. A prohibition entails invalidity. This is a principle established by the sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said: “Whoever performs an act that is not in accordance with our matter, it is rejected.” (1) He also said: “Every condition not found in the Book of Allah is invalid, even if there are a hundred conditions.” (2) Furthermore, if we were to regard as valid that which Allah has forbidden