for it, then it may be rejected. But when there is evidence, there is no problem with it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would sometimes mention something that indicates this, such as his saying: “Seven will be shaded by Allah in His shade” (1), even though there are others besides these seven whom Allah will shade; and his saying: “There are three whom Allah will not speak to …” (2), and similar reports.

Thus, sale has seven conditions. If someone were to ask, “What is the evidence for limiting them to this number?”

The answer is: inductive examination. That is, the scholars examined the matter and found that a sale can only be valid with seven conditions. Allah willing, we shall explain that these seven revolve around three matters: injustice, excessive uncertainty, and usury. Nevertheless, detailing them is beneficial.

“Mutual consent between them is a condition; thus, a sale concluded by one compelled without right is invalid …”

His statement, “Mutual consent between them is a condition”: This is the first condition: their mutual consent.

That is, consent is required from both the seller and the buyer. The evidence for this is as follows:

First, from the Quran is the saying of Allah Most High: “O you who believe, do not consume one another’s wealth unlawfully, but only through trade by mutual consent among yourselves.” [al-Nisa’ 4:29]

The meaning of “trade by mutual consent” is trade that proceeds from your mutual consent.

Second, from the sunnah: The Prophet ﷺ said, as it is reported from him, “Sale is only …”